Sexual Stereotypes and Stereotyping :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

Sexual Stereotyping False Preconceptions and False Conclusions in Blaming Technology In an excerpt titled The womens rightist Face of Antitechnology from his 1981 book Blaming Technology, Samuel C. Florman explains why he thinks so few educate women in modern society are engineers. The excerpt was written shortly aft(prenominal) he had visited an all-female liberal arts school, Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, to convince a few young women to become engineers. His mission failed and his essay makes clear why he had such trouble. Florman has more than one idea as to why young, educated women shy away from engineering as a move option. First, he notes that the States has inherited much of its culture from England, where engineering has not been considered a high-class occupation. This is apparently so because engineering did not fully separate from craftsmanship until the mid-nineteenth century. Florman claims that nearly young, male engineers come from lower- and lower-middle-class families. He also claims that most young women who are educated in math and science come from middle- and upper-class families. For this reason, Florman explains that educated women generally see engineering as being below their social class, and therefore do not pursue it as an option. He supports his position with a story about how Herbert Hoover, after a long conversation, told a woman that he was an engineer and how she responded, Why, I thought you were a gentleman1 Florman hence turns to the feminists and asks why they havent taken the lead in changing this situation. Flormans main argument against the feminist movement is that it is fueled by a greed for power. He suggests that women, specially feminists, are attracted to perceivable power, or power which is obvious to the cultural eye. They want to become doctors, lawyers, and politicians. The desire for power is also intimately connected with social class, consort to Florman. He sees this as one of the major reasons as to why so few women seek out engineering they see it as a career without power. Florman sees women as being a lot more interested in the privileges than in the responsibilities. According to him, the ultimate feminist dream will never be realized as long as women would rather supervise the world than help build it. Until women strive to understand the technology around them, and help to wee it, they will always suffer.

College Admissions Essay: A Happy Memory Never Wears Out :: College Admissions Essays

A Happy Memory Never Wears Out   Recall it as lots as you wish, a happy memory never wears out. Because some of my happiest memories welcome developed through my volunteer work, I agree with Libbie Fudim. Its always delightful to immortalise the way a face lights up after I have completed a job for someone. Since my freshman year of high school, I have been involved in over 100 hours of volunteer work. Some areas I have worked in are helping teachers, campaigning for lieutenant governor, University of disseminated sclerosis and create houses with Habitat for Humanity and World Changers with my church youth group, working at Countyseat Animal Hospital, and assisting with the Special Olympics at Hernando Middle School. I plan to attend the University of Mississippi and participate in a study abroad program. As a person with a college major in dentistry and a minor in Spanish, I kitty give back to my community in numerous ways.   First, dentists have the opportunity to give back to their communities in monetary ways such as buying equipment for the local athletic organizations, medical clinics, and homeless shelters. Without donations, these places could not survive. Because I love to learn about new cultures, I plan on creating a scholarship fund for students to study abroad. Also, I will participate in mission projects where I buy supplies and give the needy dental care. In my own clinic I will choose a certain day and do pro bono work.   ¿ Quieres Jugar al futból? With a degree in Spanish, Ill kick the bucket a soccer team for the rapidly growing Hispanic culture in DeSoto County, Mississippi. With the education from college Spanish classes, I will be able not only to communicate with my players but also to translate for the opposing teams that speak English. Also, this will allow people in my community to share others cultures. Since soccer is a very popular sport in Hispanic countries, my efforts will allow the Hispanic min ority to be active and adjust more easily to the united States. I will also volunteer at Baptist DeSoto Hospital by translating information to the patients, doctors, and nurses and at the First Regional Library or the DeSoto Literacy Council, where I can help Spanish-speaking people read, write, or do homework.   I have been blessed with a wonderful family who know that succeeding is very important.

The Genealogy of Jesus Christ Essay -- New Testament, Matthew 1:2-17

The impertinent Testament includes four Gospels that encompass a variety of narrative accounts relating to messiah Christ. The Gospel of Matthew is sequentially placed as the first book at bottom the bare-assed Testament. Furthermore, it is a canonical account of the support of saviour, and is recognized as one of the synoptic Gospels. These accounts are divided into twenty eight chapters that appear in the form of a parable, proverb, law, or miracle story tack within modern day poetry, letters, or literary tracts. Moreover, each narrative account possesses influential and mind material that attracts readers to examine it further. However, out of the four Gospels, Matthews is the one that encompasses the most amount of text that bestows an array of narrative accounts of Jesus to observe. In Matthews scriptures he takes Jesus fulfillments of the Jewish prophecies into consideration and uses it to refute the Jewish belief that Jesus of Nazareth is not the Messiah. This paper w ill explore the pericope found in Matthew 12-17 that illustrates the family tree of Jesus Christ. The purpose of the passage is to demonstrate that Jesus is indeed the Messiah, which is a dominant theme throughout this particular Gospel. The above passage was chosen to procure a greater perspective on the genealogy of Jesus Christ, through further examining Matthews tactic of incorporating Jesus into various Jewish traditions and prophecies. This passage is curiously interesting because Matthew functions as a bridge surrounded by the two Testaments, by showing how prophetic fulfillment citations from the Hebrew Bible were fulfilled, in the person of Jesus therefore proving he is the Messiah .The book of Matthew is a complicated Gospel as a result, it is vital for its ... ...s view Jesus as the Messiah and stay fresh to worship him as the foundation of Christianity. As a result, it is evident that Christianity and Judaism possess different beliefs. Perhaps over time the two fa iths will fuse in concert and allow the people to become unified and portion out the same beliefs towards the true Messiah.BibliographyBatten Alicia, Introduction to the New Testament. Sudbury University of Sudbury, 2011.David S.Ariel The Messiah from What Do Jews Believe. New York Schocken Books, 1996.Coogan, Michael D. The New Oxford Annotated Bible. New York Oxford, 2007.Filson ,V. Floyd The Gospel According to St. Matthew. London A. and C. Black Limited, 1960.Keener, Craig S. A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew. Grand Rapids, MI W.B. Eerdmans Pub., 1999. Print.Saldarini, Anthony Commentary On The Bible. Michigan Wm. B. Eerdmans 2003. The Genealogy of Jesus Christ Essay -- New Testament, Matthew 12-17The New Testament includes four Gospels that encompass a variety of narrative accounts relating to Jesus Christ. The Gospel of Matthew is sequentially placed as the first book within the New Testament. Furthermore, it is a canonical account of the life of Jesus, and is recognized as one of the synoptic Gospels. These accounts are divided into twenty eight chapters that appear in the form of a parable, proverb, law, or miracle story found within modern day poetry, letters, or literary tracts. Moreover, each narrative account possesses influential and intellectual material that attracts readers to examine it further. However, out of the four Gospels, Matthews is the one that encompasses the most amount of text that bestows an array of narrative accounts of Jesus to observe. In Matthews scriptures he takes Jesus fulfillments of the Jewish prophecies into consideration and uses it to refute the Jewish belief that Jesus of Nazareth is not the Messiah. This paper will explore the pericope found in Matthew 12-17 that illustrates the genealogy of Jesus Christ. The purpose of the passage is to demonstrate that Jesus is indeed the Messiah, which is a dominant theme throughout this particular Gospel. The above passage was chosen to obtain a greater perspective on the genealogy of Jesus Christ, through further examining Matthews tactic of incorporating Jesus into various Jewish traditions and prophecies. This passage is particularly interesting because Matthew functions as a bridge between the two Testaments, by showing how prophetic fulfillment citations from the Hebrew Bible were fulfilled, in the person of Jesus therefore proving he is the Messiah .The book of Matthew is a complicated Gospel as a result, it is vital for its ... ...s view Jesus as the Messiah and continue to worship him as the foundation of Christianity. As a result, it is evident that Christianity and Judaism possess different beliefs. Perhaps over time the two faiths will fuse together and allow the people to become unified and share the same beliefs towards the true Messiah.BibliographyBatten Alicia, Introduction to the New Testament. Sudbury University of Sudbury, 2011.David S.Ariel The Messiah from What Do Jews Believe. New York Schocken Books, 1996.C oogan, Michael D. The New Oxford Annotated Bible. New York Oxford, 2007.Filson ,V. Floyd The Gospel According to St. Matthew. London A. and C. Black Limited, 1960.Keener, Craig S. A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew. Grand Rapids, MI W.B. Eerdmans Pub., 1999. Print.Saldarini, Anthony Commentary On The Bible. Michigan Wm. B. Eerdmans 2003.

Occupational Therapy Essay -- essays research papers fc

An occupational therapist is a trained and licensed health treat professional who kitty make a complete evaluation of the impact of disease on the activities of the patient at home and in work situations. Hobbies and recreational activities are considered when an appraisal is made. The most generally accepted definition of occupational therapy is that it is an activity, physical or mental, that aids in a patients recovery from disease or injury.The occupational therapist takes a history from the patient by conducting a thorough interview. Questions are asked about hygiene, eating, dressing, getting in and out of bed, driving, cleaning, working and the patients ro use of goods and services life. A physical examination is conducted extensively concentrating on range of motion. Observations of deformities are noted because they may hinder the performance of the patient. The therapist assesses the need for splints or supports which dexterity benefit the patient and helps design spec ific assistive devices. It is the job of the occupational therapist to innovate plans to overcome the imposed limitations while helping the patient number strain and prevent further damage by teaching techniques that conserve energy (Sasser 75). There are numerous ways to make daily spiritedness easier. The most crucial part of therapy is assessing the patients environment. All the people, cultural conditions and physical objects that are around them, create their environment. The behavior and development of people is a direct result of the interaction between them and their surroundings. A patients behavior is greatly effected when they are mis stoneed with their environment. A persons environment match is present when the persons level of competence matches the demands of the environment (Cole 75). Full participation by the patient is required to make it practicable. The importance of occupational therapy is to help the patient use what they have to the fullest. Therapists know that in this particular field there go away not be a dramatic improvement, but there will be a better quality of life lived by the patient.In todays world, it is extremely important to keep accurate records on all aspects of care giving. According to Sladyk, Documentation is one of the most important duties an occupational therapist can have aside from treating the patient (1... ...ing, organizing, analyzing, generating, integrating and evaluating. It is essential that as occupational therapy students we become self-determining, independent thinkers. Technical writing skills will be used throughout our career. Mastering technical writing will come with practice and will prove to be one of the most instrumental elements we have learned in our curriculum. Works CitedAquaviva, J.D. Effective Documentation for Occupational Therapy. Bethesda, MD American Occupational Therapy Association, 1992.Early, M.B. Mental Health Concepts and Techniques for the Occupational Therapist Assistant. 2n d ed. New York, NY Raven Press, 1993.Markell, Mike. Technical Communication Situations and Strategies. 5th ed. Boston, MA Bedford/St. Martins Press, 1998.Okeema, Kathleen. Cognition and Perception in Occupational Therapy. Gaithsburg, MD Aspen Publishing, 1993.Reed, K.L. Quick Reference to Occupational Therapy. Gaithersburg, MD Aspen Publications, 1991.Sasser, Martha. The Practice of Occupational Therapy. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO Mosby-Year Book, Inc, 1998.Sladyk, Karen. OT Student Primer A subscribe to College Success. Thorofare, NJ SLACK Incorporated, 1997.

Computer Communications: Bus Network :: essays research papers

Computer Communications Bus NetworkBus Network, in calculating machine science, a topology ( bod) for a local atomic number 18a network in which all nodes are connected to a main communications line(bus). On a bus network, individually node monitors activity on the line. Messages aredetected by all nodes but are accepted only by the node(s) to which they areaddressed. Beca habituate a bus network relies on a common data highway, amalfunctioning node simply ceases to communicate it doesnt disrupt operationas it might on a ring network, in which messages are passed from one node to the beside. To avoid collisions that occur when two or more nodes try to use the lineat the same time, bus networks commonly rely on collision detection or TokenPassing to regulate traffic.Star NetworkStar Network, in computer science, alocal area network in which each device (node) is connected to a rallycomputer in a star-shaped configuration (topology) commonly, a networkconsisting of a central comput er (the hub) surrounded by terminals. In a starnetwork, messages pass directly from a node to the central computer, whichhandles any further routing (as to another node) that might be necessary. A starnetwork is reliable in the sense that a node can cave in without affecting anyother node on the network. Its weakness, however, is that failure of the centralcomputer results in a shutdown of the entire network. And because each node is one by one wired to the hub, cabling costs can be high.Ring networkRingNetwork, in computer science, a local area network in which devices (nodes) areconnected in a closed loop, or ring. Messages in a ring network pass in onedirection, from node to node. As a message travels around the ring, each nodeexamines the destination address attached to the message. If the address is thesame as the address assigned to the node, the node accepts the messageotherwise, it regenerates the signal and passes the message along to the nextnode in the circle. Such regen eration allows a ring network to cover largerdistances than star and bus networks. It can also be knowing to bypass anymalfunctioning or failed node. Because of the closed loop, however, rude(a) nodescan be difficult to add. A ring network is diagrammed below.Asynchrous TransferModeATM is a new networking technology standard for high-speed, high-capacityvoice, data, text andvideo transmission that will soon transform the waybusinesses and all types of organizationscommunicate. It will enable themanagement of information, integration of systems andcommunications betweenindividuals in ways that, to some extent, havent even been conceived yet.

Computer Communications: Bus Network :: essays research papers

Computer Communications Bus NetworkBus Network, in information processing system science, a topology ( descriptor) for a local area network in which all nodes are connected to a main communications line(bus). On a bus network, distributively node monitors activity on the line. Messages aredetected by all nodes but are accepted only by the node(s) to which they areaddressed. Beca drug abuse a bus network relies on a common data highway, amalfunctioning node simply ceases to communicate it doesnt disrupt operationas it might on a ring network, in which messages are passed from one node to the succeeding(prenominal). To avoid collisions that occur when two or more nodes try to use the lineat the same time, bus networks commonly rely on collision detection or TokenPassing to regulate traffic.Star NetworkStar Network, in computer science, alocal area network in which each device (node) is connected to a importantcomputer in a star-shaped configuration (topology) commonly, a networkcon sisting of a central computer (the hub) surrounded by terminals. In a starnetwork, messages pass directly from a node to the central computer, whichhandles any further routing (as to another node) that might be necessary. A starnetwork is reliable in the sense that a node can analyse without affecting anyother node on the network. Its weakness, however, is that failure of the centralcomputer results in a shutdown of the entire network. And because each node is individually wired to the hub, cabling costs can be high.Ring networkRingNetwork, in computer science, a local area network in which devices (nodes) areconnected in a closed loop, or ring. Messages in a ring network pass in onedirection, from node to node. As a message travels around the ring, each nodeexamines the destination address attached to the message. If the address is thesame as the address assigned to the node, the node accepts the messageotherwise, it regenerates the signal and passes the message along to the nextn ode in the circle. Such regeneration allows a ring network to cover largerdistances than star and bus networks. It can also be knowing to bypass anymalfunctioning or failed node. Because of the closed loop, however, unexampled nodescan be difficult to add. A ring network is diagrammed below.Asynchrous TransferModeATM is a new networking technology standard for high-speed, high-capacityvoice, data, text andvideo transmission that will soon transform the waybusinesses and all types of organizationscommunicate. It will enable themanagement of information, integration of systems andcommunications betweenindividuals in ways that, to some extent, havent even been conceived yet.

Clash of the Titans: a Movie Review

Clash of the Titans One day, somebodys gonna eat up to make a stand. One day, somebodys gonna have to say enough. Louis Leterrier made a stand in directing the 2010 action-adventure, fantasy film entitled Clash of the Titans, a remake of 1981s campy classic. This is a set in Argos, a Greek city, where a war is about to explode among men and immortals, starring Sam Worthington who plays the role of Perseus, a demigod and the finite son of Zeus whose task is to defeat the Kraken.The movie started with a narration that introduces the three prodigiouss who battled the Titans long ago the brothers Zeus (Liam Neeson), Poseidon (Danny Huston), and Hades (Ralph Fiennes). Hades provided the means of defeating the Titans with his creation, the Kraken. later on the Titans defeat, Zeus created humans and ruled them while Poseidon ruled the sea, but Hades, having been deceived by Zeus, was forced to rule the Underworld. The day came when a man whose born a god but raised as a man named Pers eus witness a group of soldiers from Argos destroying a statue of Zeus as a declaration of war against the gods.His adoptive parents, Spyros (Pete Postlethwaite) and Marmara (Elizabeth McGovern), and sister, Tekla (Sinead Michael) were killed when Hades devastated their fishing boat. Perseus was non able to save his family. The surviving soldiers take Perseus to Argos. When King Kepheus (Vincent Regan) and Queen Cassiopeia (Polly Walker) of Argos, at a feast for the returning soldiers, compare themselves to the Olympian deities and compare the beauty of their daughter, Andromeda (Alexa Davalos), to that of Aphrodite, Hades appears again, killing the remaining soldiers .He kills the queen, and demands that Argos farther pay for its disrespect and pride in ten days, the Kraken will be released, and if the princess, Andromeda, is not sacrificed, Argos will be destroyed. Hades then seeks out the gods on Mount Olympus and persuades Zeus to agree with his plan to punish humanity for the ir lack of love. Knowing Perseus unmoved(p) by his attack, Hades realized he is a demigod, and tells him of his true father, Zeus. At first, the Argives see Perseus as an agent of the gods and imprison him, but the king later seeks his help.A fair sex named Io (Gemma Arterton), who has been watching over Perseus his entire life, advises him that the only way to avenge the death of his family is to agree with the kings wish and attempt to defeat the Kraken. This was the beginning of Perseus great escapade. When Perseus and other soldiers cause to kill Medusa (Natalia Vodianova), the Gordon, in the underworld, was a great and terrifying part of the film. The massive set design of this film gave a big impact to me as a viewer. It makes me feel how hard the paths and challenges Perseus overcome.It seemed so true. While watching it, I was trying to imagine myself as one soldier there and I entangle so scared and said to myself that if I were there, I will give up easily. No wonder wh y Clash of the Titans nominated in section Animation in a Live Action Production in Annie Award and in Best Fantasy Film in Saturn Award in 2011. Just as awesome as the set design were the actors. Sam Worthington played a very crucial role as a strong-willed Perseus. His portrayal of the demigod depends more on his courage and strength than his boyish good looks.Gemma Arterton who played as Io made her as a nominee in Choice Movie Breakout Female in Teen Choice Award in 2010. Theres a god in you. Be sure to bring it. This film shows we have to accept the gifts God gave to us and use it in a good way. Specials gifts have the purpose why we feature some of it. It also shows that life was not easy but, God is always there to guide and help us. This film is great, from the actors to designs. Everyone should watch this because it teaches bravery and strength.

Biological Psychology Essay

Abstractpsychological science has its own biological boundaries. This is in the change of biological psychological science or behavioral neuroscience. The main aim of this branch in psychological science is to have a clearer picture of the relationship of the question and body, and mind and brain. It tries to link the brain functions to the different mental processes and behaviors. This type of psychology investigates mans physiological phenomena such as memory and emotions.Biological Psychology valet de chambre beings are more then a collection of systems, more than a collection of organs and more than a collection of cells. The human body is complex. It is an operating(a) organism which functions as a whole. The human body involves a great deal of variety of processes. By examining the parts, it does not mean that one can guess the whole organism (Arnold, 1999).Biological psychology is the field of psychology which main endeavor was to link the different brain functions to dif ferent mental processes and behaviors. Psychologists in this subdiscipline of psychology are often interested in relating biological variables to psychological or behavioral variables. It deals with biological processes and behaviors that are shared with mammalian animals. This is because biological psychologists utilize animals in their experiments. Some of these processes are sensation, perception, motivation, learning memory and control of motor movements (Biological Psychology). The history of Biological psychology emerged from various philosophical views in the eighteenth and 19th century. However, its study started much earlier. It dates back to Avicenna, a Persian psychologist and physician. He recognized physiological psychology in the treatment of illnesses involving emotions. Avicenna also gave nearly psychological explanations on somatic illnesses. He believed that humidity inside the brain can cause mood disorders. Humidity is brought by the change with the amount of b reath. some other(a) is that happiness increases the breath so it contributes to the brains moisture. But then, too much moisture can make the brain loss control thence having mental disorders (The Mind-Brain Problem). The philosophical history of Biological Psychology surfaced from philosophers like Rene Descartes. He believed that the pineal gland was the point of contact between the mind and body. He also proposed a theory that pneumatics or fluid power of bodily fluids is connected to reflexes and motor behavior (The Mind- Brain Problem). Another philosopher who contributed to Biological psychology is William James. He is the one who argued that in the study of psychology there should also be consideration to the understanding of Biology. He also stressed that the functions of the brain must(prenominal) be included in the study of psychology.The connection between mind and brain became progressively clearer in the nineteenth century. In this century, the doctors started obse rving patients who suffered from head injuries. The patients commonly exhibited alterations in voice communication and memory and some variation in their personalities. One patient is a refined businessman and a loving father became a vulgar person who lacks in affection for his loved ones after a sever blow in the head. These observations is lead researchers to experiment by producing surgical lesions in animals in different regions of the brain to observe what effects these lesions have on behavior (Westen, 1999).Since its origin, one of the major issues faced by biological psychologists was localization of functions. This entails wise to(p) which different parts of the brain control different aspects of functioning. In 1836, a physician named Marc Dax, observe that lesions on the left side of the brain were associated with aphasia or language disorder. Because of this discovery, many other discoveries linking the left hemisphere of the brain with language function appeared (W esten, 1999). These other discoveries led to the finding of Brocas and Wernickes areas. Brocas aphasia involves difficulty in production of speech, whereas Wernickes aphasia involves difficulty in comprehending language (Westen, 1999). The clinical assumption of Biological psychology is that organisms share similar biological processes and behaviors. Some of the other disciplines in psychology greatly related with biological psychology are comparative psychology, evolutionary psychology, neuropsychology, clinical psychology, cognitive psychology and experimental psychology (Westen, 1999). Comparative psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes of animals other than human beings (Westen, 1999). Biological psychologists use animals in their experiments. They compare the results done on these animals to human processes and behaviors. Evolutionary psychology, on the other hand, deals with the explanation of mental and psychological traits and how they evolved to adapt to di fferent stimuli. Neuropsychology is an interdisciplinary field of psychology and neuroscience that aims to explain how the structure and function of the brain relate to authorized psychological behaviors (Evolutionary Psychology). Other fields of psychology related with biological psychology such as clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, and experimental psychology are connected with biological psychology because these fields aim to link the physiological processes with different mental processes. Clinical psychology focuses on the nature and treatment of physiological processes that lead to emotional distress. Cognitive psychology examines the nature of thought, memory and language. And, experimental psychology examines mental processes in human and other animals (Westen, 1999).Some of the noted modern biological psychologists are Nikolaas Tinbergen, Karl von Frisch, Eric Kandel and Arvid Carlsson. Nikolaas Tinbergen is a Dutch ornithologist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiol ogy in 1973. His contribution is the organization and elicitation of individual and social behavior patterns in animals. Karl von Frisch is an Austrian ethologist who won the same award with Tinbergen. He studied the senses of bees and identified they methods of communication(Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine 1973)..Eric Kandel is a neuroscientist whose contribution is the analysis of biochemical changes in neurons assiciated with learning and memory storage. Arvid Carlsson is a neuroscientist most noted for his on the neurotransmitter dopmaine and Parkinsons disease (The Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine 2000).ReferenceArnold, T. (1999). Mind and Brian Relationship. Retrieved February 8, 2008, from http//www.hyponoesis.org/ hypertext mark-up language/essays/e022.htmlBiological Psychology. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from http//www.psypress.com/common/supplementary/184169360X/part1.pdfEvolutionary Psychology. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from http//www.psychnet-uk.com/evolutio nary_psychology/evolutionary_psychology.htmThe Mind- Brain problem. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from http//moebius.psy.ed.ac.uk/dualism/papers/brains.htmlThe Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine 1973. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from http//nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/index.htmlThe Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine 2000. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from http//nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2000/index.htmlWesten, D. (2nd Ed.). (1999). Psychology Mind, Brain and Culture. U.S.A. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 28

Chapter 28Joshuas ministry was three years of preaching, sometimes three times a day, and although there were some high and low points, I could never look on the sermons sound go forth for word, scarcely heres the gist of almost every sermon I ever heard Joshua give.You should be nice to people, even creeps.And if youa) believed that Joshua was the Son of God (and)b) he had act upon expose to render you from sin (and)c) ack at one timeledged the Holy Spirit within you (became as a little child, he would say)(and)d) didnt blaspheme the Holy Ghost ( envision c), thence(prenominal) you woulde) live foreverf) someplace niceg) probably heaven.However, if youh) sinned (and/or)i) were a hypocrite (and/or)j) valued things over people (and)k) didnt do a, b, c, and d,then you werel) fuckedWhich is the message that Joshuas father had precondition over him so m some(prenominal) years ago, and which seemed, at the time, succinct to the point of rudeness, only when made more sense after you listened to a few hundred sermons.Thats what he taught, thats what we learned, thats what we passed on to the people in the towns of Galilee. Not everybody was good at it, however, and some seemed to miss the point al unneurotic. One day Joshua, Maggie, and I returned from preaching in Cana to hap Bartholomew sitting by the synagogue at Capernaum, preaching the Gospel to a semicircle of dogs that sat around him. The dogs seemed spellbound, but then, Bart was wearing a annexe steak as a hat, so Im not sure it was his discourseing skills that held their attention.Joshua snatched the steak impinge on of Bartholomews intellect and tossed it into the street, where a dozen dogs suddenly found their faith. Bart, Bart, Bart, Josh give tongue to as he shook the big soldiery by the shoulders, dont give whats holy to dogs. Dont cast your pearls onwards swine. Youre wasting the Word.I dont develop any pearls. I am slave to no possessions.Its a metaphor, Bart, Joshua said, deadpan. It means dont give the Word to those who bent ready to receive it.You mean alike(p) when you drowned the swine in Decapolis? They werent ready for it?Joshua looked at me for help. I shrugged.Maggie said, Thats incisively counterbalance, Bart. You got it.Oh, why didnt you say so? Bart said. Okay guys, were off to preach the Word in Magdala. He climbed to his feet and led his pack of disciples toward the lake.Joshua looked at Maggie. Thats not what I meant at every(prenominal).Yes it is, she said, then she took off to find Johanna and Susanna, two women who had joined us and were learning to preach the gospel.Thats not what I meant, Joshua said to me.Have you ever win an argument with her?He shook his head.Then say amen and lets go see what Peters wife has cooked up.The disciples were garnered around tot forthside of Peters house, sitting on the logs we had arranged in a circle around a fire pit. They were all looking down and seemed to be caught in some glum prayer. Even Ma tthew was there, when he should construct been at his job collecting taxes in Magdala.Whats wrong? asked Joshua.John the Baptist is dead, said Philip.What? Joshua sat down on the log next to Peter and leaned over against him.We just precept Bartholomew, I said. He didnt say anything around it.We just found out, said Andrew. Matthew just brought the news from Tiberius.It was the first time since hed joined us that Id seen Matthew without the light of extravagance in his face. He might have aged ten years in the last few hours. Herod had him beheaded, he said.I thought Herod was afraid of John, I said. It was rumored that Herod had kept John alive because he actually believed him to be the Messiah and was afraid of the wrath of God should the holy earth perish.It was at the request of his step little girl, said Matthew. John was killed at the behest of a teenage slut.Well, jeez, if he wasnt dead already, the irony would have killed him, I said.Joshua stared into the dirt before him, thinking or praying, I couldnt tell. finally he said, Johns chase impart be like babes in the wilderness.Thirsty? guessed Nathaniel.Hungry? guessed Peter.Horny? guessed doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas.No, you dumbfucks, unconnected. Theyll be lost I said. Jeez.Joshua stood. Philip, Thaddeus, go to Judea, tell Johns followers that they are welcome here. Tell them that Johns work is not lost. Bring them here.But master, Judas said, John has thousands of followers. If they come here, how will we feed them?Hes new, I explained.The next day was the Sabbath, and in the morning as we all headed to the synagogue, an one-time(a) man in fine clothes ran out of the bushes and threw himself at Joshuas feet. Oh, Rabbi, he wailed, I am the whitethornor of Magdala. My youngest daughter has died. People say that you can be restored the sick and raise the dead, will you help me?Joshua looked around. A half-dozen local Pharisees watched us from diametric points around the vill age. Joshua turned to Peter. cod the Word to the synagogue today. I am going to help this man.Thank you, Rabbi, the rich man gushed. He hurried off and waved for us to follow.Where are you winning us? I asked.Only as far as Magdala, he said.To Joshua I said, Thats farther than a Sabbaths journey allows.I know, Joshua said.As we passed through all of the small villages along the coast on the government agency to Magdala, people came out of their houses and followed us for as long as they dared on a Sabbath, but I could also see the elders, the Pharisees, watching as we went.The mayors house was large for Magdala, and his daughter had her own sleeping room. He led Joshua into the bedchamber where the girl lay. Please save her, Rabbi.Joshua bent down and examined the girl. Go out of here, he said to the old man. Out of the house. When the mayor was g bingle Joshua looked at me. Shes not dead.What?This girl is sleeping. Maybe theyve given her some strong wine, or some sleeping powder , but she is not dead.So this is a trap?I didnt see this one coming either, Joshua said. They conduct me to claim that I raised her from the dead, healed her, when shes only sleeping. Blasphemy and healing on the Sabbath.Let me raise her from the dead, then. I mean, I can do this one if shes only sleeping.Theyll blame me for whatever you do as well. You may be their target too. The local Pharisees didnt devise this themselves.Jakan?Josh nodded. Go get the old man, and gather as many witnesses as you can, Pharisees as well. Make a ruckus.When I had about fifty people gathered in and around the house, Joshua announced, This girl isnt dead, shes sleeping, you incorrect old man. Joshua shook the girl and she sat up rubbing her eyes. Keep watch on your strong wine, old man. Rejoice that you have not lost your daughter, but grieve that you have broken the Sabbath for your ignorance.Then Joshua stormed out and I followed him. When we were a ways down the street he said, Do you think they bought it?Nope, I said.Me either, Joshua said.In the morning a Roman soldier came to Peters house with messages. I was still sleeping when I heard the shouting. I can only speak to Joshua of Nazareth, someone said in Latin.Youll speak to me or youll never speak again, I heard someone else say. (Obviously someone who had no desire to live a long life.) I was up and running in an instant, my tunica waving unbelted behind me. I rounded the corner at Peters house to see Judas facing down a legionnaire. The soldier had partially drawn his short sword.Judas I barked. Back down.I put myself between them. I knew I could unarm the soldier easily, but not the legion that would follow him if I did. Who sends you, soldier?I have a message from Gaius Justus Gallicus, commander of the Sixth Legion, for Joshua bar Joseph of Nazareth. He glared at Judas over my shoulder. But there is nothing in my orders to keep me from killing this dog while delivering it.I turned to face Judas, whose face was on fire with anger. I knew he carried a dagger in his sash, although I hadnt told Joshua about it. Justus is a relay transmitter, Judas.No Roman is the friend of a Jew, said Judas, make no effort whatever to whisper.And at that point, realizing that Joshua hadnt reached our new Zealot recruit with the message of acquitness for all men, and that he was going to get himself killed, I cursorily reached up under Judas tunic, clamped onto his scrotum, squeezed once, rapidly and extremely hard, and after he blasted a mouthful of slobber on my chest, his eyes rolled in his head and he slumped to his knees, unconscious. I caught him and lowered him to the ground so he didnt hit his head. Then I turned to the Roman.Fainting spells, I said. Lets go find Joshua.Justus had sent us three messages from capital of Israel Jakan had indeed dissociate Maggie the Pharisees full council had met and they were plotting to kill Joshua and Herod Antipas had heard of Joshuas miracles and was afraid that he might be the reincarnation of John the Baptist. Justus only face-to-face note was one word Careful.Joshua, you need to hide, said Maggie. Leave Herods territory until things settle down. Go to Decapolis, preach to the gentiles. Herod Philip has no love for his sidekick, his soldiers wont bother you. Maggie had become a fiercely dedicated preacher herself. It was as if she had channeled her personal passion for Joshua into a passion for the Word.Not yet, said Joshua. Not until Philip and Thaddeus return with Johns followers. I will not leave them lost. I need a sermon, one that can serve as if it was my last, one that will sustain the lost while Im gone. Once I deliver it to Galilee, Ill go to Philips territory.I looked at Maggie and she nodded, as if to say, Do what you have to, but protect him.Lets write it then, I said.Like any great speech, the oration on the Mount sounds as if it just happened spontaneously, but actually Joshua and I worked on it for over a week Joshua d ictating and me taking notes on parchment. (I had invented a way of sandwiching a thin piece of charcoal between two pieces of olive wood so that I could write without carrying a quill and inkwell.) We worked in foregoing of Peters house, out in the sauceboat, even on the mountainside where he would deliver the sermon. Joshua wanted to devote a long section of the sermon to adultery, largely, I seduce now, motivated by my relationship with Maggie. Even though Maggie had resolved to stay celibate and preach the Word, I think Joshua wanted to drive the point home.Joshua said, roam in If a man even looks at a woman with lust in his heart, he has committed adultery.Really, you want to go with that? And this If a divorced woman remarries she commits adultery?Yeah.Seems a little harsh. A little Pharisee-ish.I had some people in mind. What do you have?Verily I say unto you I know you like to say verily when youre talking about adultery anyway, Verily I say unto you, that should a man put oil upon a womans naked body, and make her go upon all fours and bark like a dog, while knowing her, if you know what I mean, then he has committed adultery, and surely if a woman do the same thing right back, well she has jumped on the adultery donkey cart herownself. And if a woman should pretend to be a powerful queen, and a man a lowly slave boy, and if she should call him humiliating unwraps and make him lick upon her body, then surely they have sinned like big dogs and woe unto the man if he pretends to be a powerful queen, and Thats enough, Biff.But you want to be specific, dont you. You dont want people to walk around wondering, Hey, is this adultery, or what? Maybe you should roll over.Im not sure that being that specific is a good idea.Okay, how bout this Should a man or a woman have any goings-on with their mutual naughty bits, then it is more than likely they are committing adultery, or at least they should consider it.Well, maybe more specific than that.Come on, Josh, this isnt an lax one like Thou shalt not kill. Basically, there you got a corpse, you got a sin, right?Yes, adultery can be sticky.Well, yesLook, a seagullBiff, I esteem that you feel obliged to be an advocate for your favorite sins, but thats not what I need here. What I need is help writing this sermon. How we doing on the Beatitudes? condone me?The blesseds.Weve got blessed are those who hunger and thirst after righteousness blessed are the slimy in spirit, the pure in heart, the whiners, the mild, the Wait, what are we giving the meek?Lets see, uh, here Blessed are the meek, for to them we shall say, attaboy.A little weak.Yeah.Lets let the meek inherit the earth.Cant you give the earth to the whiners?Well then, cut the whiners and give the earth to the meek.Okay. solid ground to the meek. Here we go. Blessed are the peacemakers, the mourners, and thats it.How many is that?Seven.Not enough. We need one more. How about the dumbfucks?No, Josh, not the dumbfucks. Youve done enough for the dumbfucks. Nathaniel, Thomas Blessed are the dumbfucks for they, uh I dont know they shall never be disappointed.No, Im drawing the line at dumbfucks. Come on, Josh, why cant we have any powerful guys on our team? Why do we have to have the meek, and the poor, the oppressed, and the pissed on? Why cant we, for once, have blessed are the big powerful rich guys with swords?Because they dont need us.Okay, but no Blessed are the dumbfucks.Who then?Sluts?No.How about the wankers? I can think of five or six disciples that would be really blessed.No wankers. Ive got it Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness sake.Okay, better. What are you going to give them?A fruit basket.You cant give the meek the whole earth and these guys a fruit basket.Give them the state of heaven.The poor in spirit got that.Everybody gets some.Okay then, share the Kingdom of Heaven. I wrote it down.We could give the fruit basket to the dumbfucks.NO DUMBFUCKSSorry, I just feel for them.You feel for everyone, Josh. Its your job.Oh yeah. I forgot.We finished writing the sermon only a few hours before Philip and Thaddeus returned from Judea leading three thousand of Johns followers. Joshua had them gather on a hillside above Capernaum, then sent the disciples into the crowd to find the sick and bring them to him. He performed miracles of healing all morning, then coming into the afternoon he gathered us together at the spring below the mountain.Peter said, Theres at least another thousand people from Galilee on the hill, Joshua, and they are hungry.How much viands do we have? Joshua asked.Judas came forward with a basket. Five loaves and two fish.That will do, but youll need more baskets. And about a hundred volunteers to help distribute the food. Nathaniel, you, Bartholomew, and Thomas go into the crowd and find me fifty to a hundred people who have their own baskets. Bring them here. By the time you get back well have the food for them.Judas threw down h is basket. We have five loaves, how do you think Joshua held up his hand for silence and the Zealot clammed up. Judas, today youve seen the lame walk, the blind see, and the deaf hear.Not to commendation the blind hear and the deaf see, I added.Joshua scowled at me. It will relieve oneself little more to feed a few of the faithful.There are but five loaves shouted Judas.Judas, once there was a rich man, who built great barns and granaries so he could save all of the fruits of his wealth long into his old age. But on the very day his barns were finished, the Lord said, Hey, we need you up here. And the rich man did say, Oh shit, Im dead. So what good did his stuff do him?Huh?Dont worry about what youre going to eat.Nathaniel, Bart, and Thomas started off to their ascribeed duty, but Maggie grabbed Nathaniel and held him fast. No, she said. No one does anything until you promise us that youll go into hiding after this sermon.Joshua smiled. How can I hide, Maggie? Who will library paste the Word? Who will heal the sick?We will, Maggie continued. Now promise. Go into the land of the gentiles, out of Herods reach, just until things calm down. Promise or we dont move. Peter and Andrew stepped up behind Maggie to show their support. John and James were nodding as she spoke.So be it, said Joshua. But now we have hungry people to feed.And we federal official them. The loaves and the fish were multiplied, jars were brought in from the surrounding villages and filled with water, which was carried to the mountainside, and all the while the local Pharisees watched and growled and spied, but they hadnt missed the healings, and they didnt miss the Sermon on the Mount, and word of it went back to Jerusalem with their poison reports.Afterward, at the spring by the shore, I gathered up the last of the pieces of bread to take home with us. Joshua came down the shore with a basket over his head, then pulled it off when he got to me.When we said we wanted you to hide we meant something a little less obvious, Joshua. Great sermon, by the way.Joshua started helping me gather up the bread that was strewn around on the ground. I wanted to talk to you and I couldnt get away from the crowd without hiding under the basket. Im having a little worry preaching humbleness.Youre so good at that one. People line up to hear the humility sermon.How can I preach that the humble will be exalted and the exalted will be humbled at the same time Im being exalted by four thousand people?Bodhisattva, Josh. regard as what Gaspar taught you about being a bodhisattva. You dont have to be humble, because you are denying your own ascension by bringing the good news to other people. Youre out of the humility flow, so to speak.Oh yeah. He smiled.But now that you mention it, I said, it does seem a little hypocritical.Im not proud of that.Then youre okay.That evening, when we had all gathered again in Capernaum, Joshua called us to the fire ring in front of Peters house and we wat ched the last gold of the sunlight reflecting on the lake as Joshua led us in a prayer of thanks.Then he made the call Okay, who wants to be an apostle?I do, I do, said Nathaniel. Whats an apostle?Thats a guy who makes drugs, I said.Me, me, said Nathaniel. I want to make drugs.Ill try that, said John.Thats an apothecary, said Matthew. An apothecary mixes powders and makes drugs. Apostle means to send off.Is this kid a whiz, or what, I said, pointing a thumb at Matthew.Thats right, said Joshua, messengers. Youll be sent off to spread the message that the kingdom has come.Isnt that what were doing now? asked Peter.No, now youre disciples, but I want to appoint apostles who will take the Word into the land. There will be twelve, for the twelve tribes of Israel. Ill give you power to heal, and power over devils. Youll be like me, only in a different outfit. Youll take nothing with you except your clothes. Youll live only off the charity of those you preach to. Youll be on your own, like sheep among wolves. People will persecute you and be sick on you, and maybe beat you, and if that happens, well, it happens. Shake off the dust and move on. Now, whos with me?And there was a roaring silence among the disciples.How about you, Maggie?Im not much of a traveler, Josh. Makes me nauseous. Disciples fine with me.How bout you, Biff?Im good. Thanks.Joshua stood up and just counted them off. Nathaniel, Peter, Andrew, Philip, James, John, Thaddeus, Judas, Matthew, Thomas, Bartholomew, and Simon. Youre the apostles. Now get out there and apostilize.And they all looked at each other.Spread the good news, the son of man is here The kingdom is coming. Go Go GoThey got up and sort of milled around.Can we take our wives? asked James.Yes.Or one of the women disciples? asked Matthew.Yes.Can Thomas twain go too?Yes, Thomas dickens can go.Their questions answered, they milled around some more.Biff, Joshua said. Will you assign territories for everybody and send them out?Okey-dokey, I said. Who wants Samaria? No one? Good. Peter, its yours. Give em hell. Caesarea? Come on, you weenies, step upThus were the twelve appointed to their sacred mission.The next morning seventy of the people who wed recruited to help feed the quite a little came to Joshua when they heard about the appointing of the apostles.Why only twelve? one man asked.You all want to cast off what you own, leave your families, and risk persecution and death to spread the good news? Joshua asked.Yes, they all shouted.Joshua looked at me as if he himself couldnt believe it.It was a really good sermon, I said.So be it, said Joshua. Biff, you and Matthew assign territories. Send no one to his hometown. That doesnt seem to work very well.And so the twelve and the seventy were sent out, and Joshua, Maggie, and I went into Decapolis, which was the territory of Herods brother, Philip, and camped and fished and basically hid out. Joshua preached a little, but only to small groups, and although he did heal the sick, he asked them not to tell anyone about the miracles.After three months hiding in Philips territory, word came by boat from across the lake that someone had intervened on Joshuas behalf with the Pharisees and that the death warrant, which had never really been formal, had been lifted. We went home to Capernaum and waited for the apostles to return. Their enthusiasm had waned some after months in the field.It sucks.People are mean.Lepers are creepy.Matthew came out of Judea with more news of Joshuas mysterious benefactor from Jerusalem. His name is Joseph of Arimathea, said Matthew. Hes a wealthy merchant, and he owns ships and vineyards and olive presses. He seems to have the ear of the Pharisees, but he is not one of them. His wealth has given him some influence with the Romans as well. They are considering making him a citizen, I hear.What makes him want to help us? I asked.I talked to him for a long time about the kingdom, and about the Holy Ghost and the rest of Joshuas message. He believes. Matthew smiled broadly, obviously proud of his powerful convert. He wants you to come to his house for dinner, Joshua. In Jerusalem.Are you sure its safe for Joshua there? asked Maggie.Joseph has sent this letter guaranteeing Joshuas safety along with all who accompany him to Jerusalem. Matthew held out the letter.Maggie took the scroll and unrolled it. My name is on this too. And Biffs.Joseph knew you would be coming, and I told him that Biff sticks to Joshua like a leech.Excuse me?I mean, that you accompany the master wherever he travels, Matthew added quickly.But why me? Maggie asked.Your brother Simon who is called Lazarus, he is very sick. Dying. Hes asked for you. Joseph wanted you to know that you would have safe passage.Josh grabbed his satchel and started walking that moment. Lets go, he said. Peter, you are in charge until I return. Biff, Maggie, we need to make Tiberius before dark. Im going to see if I can borrow some camels there. Matthew, you com e too, you know this Joseph. And Thomas, you come along, I want to talk to you.So off we went, into what I was sure were the jaws of a trap.Along the way Joshua called Thomas to walk beside him. Maggie and I walked behind them only a few paces, so we could hear their conversation. Thomas kept stopping to make sure that Thomas Two could keep up with them.They all think Im mad, Thomas said. They caper at me behind my back. Thomas Two has told me.Thomas, you know I can lay my hands upon you and you will be cured. Thomas Two will no longer speak to you. The others wont laugh at you.Thomas walked along for a while without saying anything, but when he looked back at Joshua I could see tears streaking his cheeks. If Thomas Two goes away, then Ill be alone.You wont be alone. Youll have me.Not for long. You dont have long with us.How do you know that?Thomas Two told me.We wont tell the others quite yet, all right, Thomas?Not if you dont want me to. But you wont cure me, will you? You wont m ake Thomas Two go away?No, Joshua said. We may both need an extra friend soon. He patted Thomas on the shoulder, then turned to walk on ahead to catch up with Matthew.Well, dont step on him Thomas shouted.Sorry, said Joshua.I looked at Maggie. Did you hear that?She nodded. You cant let it happen, Biff. He doesnt seem to care about his own life, but I do, and you do, and if you let harm come to him Ill never forgive you.But Maggie, everyone is supposed to be forgiven.Not you. Not if something happens to Josh.So be it. So, hey, once Joshua heals your brother, you want to go do something, get some pomegranate juice, or a falafel, or get married or something?She stopped in her tracks, so I stopped too. Are you ever paying attention to anything that goes on around you?Im sorry, I was overcome by faith there for a moment. What did you say?When we got to Bethany, Martha was waiting for us in the street in front of Simons house. She went right to Joshua and he held out his arms to embrace h er, but when she got to him she pushed him away. My brother is dead, she said. Where were you?I came as soon as I heard.Maggie went to Martha and held her as they both cried. The rest of us stood around feeling awkward. The two old blind guys, Crustus and Abel, whom Joshua had once healed, came over from across the street.Dead, dead and buried four days, said Crustus. He turned a sort of chartreuse at the end.Emerald, it was emerald, not chartreuse, said Abel.My friend Simon truly sleeps, then, Joshua said.Thomas came up and put his hand on Joshuas shoulder. No, master, hes dead. Thomas Two thinks it may have been a hairball. Simon was a leopard, you know?I couldnt stand it. He was a LEPER, you idiot Not a leopard.Well, he IS dead shouted Thomas back. Not sleeping.Joshua was being figurative, he knows hes dead.Do you guys think you could be just a little more insensitive? said Matthew, pointing to the weeping sisters.Look, tax collector, when I want your two shekels Ill ask Where i s he? Joshua asked, his voice booming over the sobs and protests.Martha pushed out of her sisters embrace and looked at Joshua. He bought a tomb in Kidron, said Martha.Take me there, I need to wake my friend.Dead, said Thomas. Dead, dead, dead.There was a sparkle of hope amid the tears in Marthas eyes. Wake him?Dead as a doornail. Dead as Moses. Mmmph Matthew clamped his hand over Thomass mouth, which saved me having to render the twin unconscious with a brick.You believe that Simon will rise from the dead, dont you? asked Joshua.In the end, when the kingdom comes, and everyone is raised, yes, I believe.Do you believe I am who I say I am?Of course.Then show me where my friend lies sleeping.Martha moved like a sleepwalker, her exhaustion and grief driven back just enough for her to lead us up the road to the Mount of Olives and down into the Kidron Valley. Maggie had been deeply shaken by the news of her brothers death as well, so Thomas and Matthew helped her along while I walked wi th Joshua.Four days dead, Josh. Four days. Divine Spark or not, the physical body is empty.Simon will walk again if he is but bone, said Joshua.Okey-dokey. But this has never been one of your better miracles.When we got to the tomb there was a tall, thin, aristocratic man sitting outside eating a fig. He was clean-shaven and his gray hair was cut short like a Romans. If he hadnt worn the two-striped tunic of a Jew I would have thought him a Roman citizen.I thought you would come here, he said. He knelt before Joshua. Rabbi, Im Joseph of Arimathea. I sent word through your disciple Matthew that I wanted to meet with you. How may I serve?Stand up, Joseph. Help roll away this stone.As with many of the big tombs carved into the side of the mountain, there was a large flat stone covering the doorway. Joshua put his arms around Maggie and Martha while the rest of us wrestled with the stone. As soon as the seal was broken I was hit with a stench that gagged me and Thomas actually lost hi s supper in the dirt.He stinks, said Matthew.I thought he would smell more like a cat, said Thomas.Dont make me come over there, Thomas, I said.We pushed the stone as far as it would go, then we ran away gasping for fresh air.Joshua held his arms out as if waiting to embrace his friend. Come out, Simon Lazarus, come out into the light. Nothing but stench came out of the tomb.Come forth, Simon. Come out of that tomb, Joshua commanded.And absolutely nothing happened.Joseph of Arimathea shifted uncomfortably from foot to foot. I wanted to talk to you about the dinner at my house before you got there, Joshua.Joshua held up his hand for silence.Simon, dammit, come out of there.And ever so weakly, there came a voice from inside the tomb. No.What do you mean, no? You have risen from the dead, now come forth. Show these unbelievers that you have risen.I believe, I said.Convinced me, said Matthew.A no is as good as a personal appearance, as far as Im concerned, said Joseph of Arimathea.Im no t sure any of us who had smelled the stench of rotting flesh really wanted to see the source. Even Maggie and Martha seemed a little dubious about their brothers coming out.Simon, get your leprous ass out here, Joshua commanded.But ImIm all icky.Weve all seen icky before, said Joshua. Now come out into the light.My skin is all green, like an unripe olive.Olive green declared Crustus, who had followed us into Kidron. I told you it wasnt chartreuse.What the hell does he know? Hes dead, said Abel.lastly Joshua lowered his arms and stormed into the tomb. I cant believe that you bring a guy back from the dead and he doesnt even have the courtesy to come out WHOA HOLY MOLY Joshua came backing out of the tomb, stiff-legged. Very calmly and quietly, he said, We need clean clothes, and some water to wash with, and bandages, lots of bandages. I can heal him, but we have to sort of get all of his parts stuck back together first.Hold on, Simon, Joshua shouted to the tomb, were getting some sup plies, then Ill come in and heal your affliction.What affliction? asked Simon.

Globalization & concept Essay

earthly concern(a)isation is a concept that has emerged over recent past that go through gained a lot of attention from the global people. Globalization is not anew concept because it has developed over time due to the interaction of people from ti me to time. The definition of globalization takes new direction all time because of its usage and transcends all spheres of life (Oregon State 2008). According to Robertson (1992) socialist define it a the comprehension and intensification of consciousness of the military man as a unit unit. It has been elevated by the fact that the earth has become more interdependent than before as from 20th century.The term is loosely used to symbolize substance of consciousness, receptiveness and understanding of closes, appreciation of the initiation socio-economics and ecological aspects. The term global village emerged in early 1960s to mean a shrinking world which was familiarized by the media. The media has withal tried to emphasize on the global community concept. The subject of globalization has shaped its objectiveness and subjectiveness. The evolution of globalization has been triggered by events such(prenominal) as wars and conflicts, the emergence of third world countries, expansion of inter case and supra international corporations and organizations.This is also accelerated by the idea of global economy(Robertson 1992). Globalization cuts crosswise all academic disciplines and be pick out implications on morals and values of people in the world. This is a problem that has generated other terms as deglobalization and globalism. Deglobalization attempts to reduce the meet of globalization while the globalism used used negatively to mean one worldism and cosmopolitanism (Robertson 1992). According to Scott (1997) globalization is visible and powerful order that directs the former concern to the geopolitical stage.It can be measured across the globe by consumers taste identity and by its homogeneity of taste. In the context of global socialisation it is discernible in the statistical distribution of the point of intersection. Globalization can also be defined as the historical structures established by societies over time that has exponentially increase in the present time. This has been achieved through mobility of goods and services necessitated by infrastructural development. The idea is largely cordoned by the elites terming it inevitable but the masses attitude it as danger to traditional life, livelihoods and values (GPF 2008).Herman (1999) emphasize it as the active process extending beyond borders, cross border structural facilities and link of corporate organizations. He adds that it is an ideology that wants to surpass its guard and uphold it as beneficial and unstoppable. The emergence of globalization has led to theories defining its relevance and importance to world inhabitants. This has been ans issue of international systems that make limitation of countries l which systematically create and partition separated by economic and process factors. These form the basis of global events that bring a perspective of the world as a systematic entity.This is virtually so because of given set of societies that dictate world unity trends and systems. This is referred to the capitalistic advancement of nations standardized America to which is characterized by division of labour, political and military relations that accompany economic trends while religion and culture follows simultaneously (Robertson 1992). Instability in the domestic and foreign structures have caused the rise of globalization as seen by the growth of communication and cultural academies, rise of movements, organizations and special interest groups.Globalization has therefore grown through several(prenominal) stages such as universalism, natural sociologies, internationalism, indigenization and later globalization (Robertson 1992). In this context universalism refers to scientific provi sion to humanity of prefatorial principles and laws where ideas human fraternity is adhered to. While national sociologies emphasized on the professional academies that held intellectual products with high esteem. This is followed by the concept of making all countries follow the systems through internationalism as depicted by the third world creation.This was fostered by the indigenization stage that made such countries to adapt to methods and systems. Thus globalization emerged as the interaction of nationalism and internationalism which is punctuated with problems and conflicts at antithetic life stages. The causes and mechanism behind this are the ones driving up globalization (Robertson 1992). Global issues as refer to in the context of culture have vary significance and measures. First Soules (2002) define culture as knowledge, acts, beliefs, laws, customs and aspirations of inhabitants in different settings around the world.This is identical to certain group of people. How ever mass culture which draw ins to world wide audience is generally referred to popular culture. Any change in the traditional values, norms and daily order raise eyebrows of which is considered deviation from the normal life. and as people move there is interaction of cultures that fuse and transform into new culture that is can be described as global culture (Soules 2002). Therefore, popular culture is symbolic of globalization because of its persuasive nature which cuts across all national cultures.The popular culture referred to here represents popularity of certain personality in areas of music industry. These include stars, products and infrastructure associated with it commonly described as global communication (Scott 1997). Although globalization affects politics it has not received much attention as popular culture but film industry has been discussed at international level whether to be associated with it. It is paramount to not that though politics has not widen beyon d its national jurisdiction it is much important in the global culture.Politics is limited by its weak structures at international level than popular culture that is advanced by its network of transnational corporations (Scott 1997). However, global culture may not be a definite evidence that it exists across the world because of its dependance on time, space and distributional mechanisms. But it passes across all nations based on several factors such as global production and global distribution. Whereby global production is brought about by the presence of transnational corporations which control 70 percent of the entertainment industry such as Sony and Tristar Corporations.The global distribution of this popular culture products signify the extend by which it reaches world wide audience. Technological advancement such as use of television cinema and broadcast communication media channels have made popular culture received to wide audience in the world (Scott 1997). However, glob al culture just like the popularity of English language has received its share of criticism. For instance the spread of world single culture as advocated by the entertainment industry does not inevitably mean that the audience practice the same.It can only lead to global multiculturalism where diverse culture can be integrated in order to appeal to popular audience. Although this may lead to cultural plurality but their merger could lead to the a synthesized global culture (Scott 1997). More so the availability of the product does not mean it used for the intended purpose. For example the Soviet Union abused it as such spreading capitalistic ideology of Americans. close view popular culture as the Americanization of the world. Hence it cannot be received globally without struggle and negotiation through the political and national structures.Global culture also faces a couple of restrictions that is largely dependent on the institutional frameworks, policies of governments, and lev els of operations. Institutional frameworks play crucial role in the supply and distribution regulatory structures, education, industrial and economic climate for its operation. Policies that regulate broadcasting, copyright rights and taxation or subsidies play a significant role in the advancement of popular culture (Scott 1997). Most governments do not have cultural policies but have several that indirectly implicate culture within their national jurisdiction.this reflects their priority is promoting culture in their own country. Therefore, global culture faces an uphill task to be accommodated institutionally and into the policies of the respective governments(Scott 1997). Herman (1999) states that globalization is an ideology that is perpetuated by corporate organizations for their own interest. This is seen in the deregulating of several government on its budget, entitlement and free trade.. it does affect the nationalistic protection of indigenous companies while allowing th e entry of international multinationals.This ideology has significant impact on economic circumstance of weaker countries. Although it yields economic benefits its impact of whole society is detrimental (Alston 1998). Globalization is argued as one that weakens democracy in several countries. This is a allow for that governments are forced to enact regulations that give due advantage to the business community. For instance international agreements signed like the4 North American Free great deal Agreement and European Monetary Union. This has been used under the disguise of democracy to weaken the countrys ability to fight for improved wage recompense of its workforce.Instead they are supposed to cut labor costs in order to obtain investment from the corporations giving the business community an upper happen to make huge profits (Herman 1999). Through such agreement most countries have fallen victim of deteriorating welfare standards of its citizens. Countries with high cost of labor have lost foreign investment because of relocation to cheap labor countries. Labor movement have also been weakened as opposed to the democratic granting immunity given of bargaining. This has med polity makers to make business friendly policies at the expense of state welfare.This countries have also advanced restrictive legislation that has tight bag national budget so as to absorbing inflation shocks hence accelerating unemployment and underemployment (Herman 1999). The ideological campaigns advocated b y the business community has reduced government state to support its public hence making its citizens vulnerable to the corporation demands. Also limited financial sources by the individual government have accelerated their dependence on global sponsors that devise policies more favorable to them.It far negates the ability of leaders to develop mechanisms that favor its masses (Tabb 2002). This is evident in the efforts advanced by IMF and World Bank together with media support. This organizations developed conditions that were supposed to be met before funds are released to the countries in need. For instance, IMF developed structural adjustment programs to third world countries outlining conditions such as lean government and privatization. The implications was loss of jobs, increased poverty, increased wealth gap between the rich nations and poor nations (Herman 1999).Globalization in its basic fact is the ideological concept of business elite that send strong signal to people that it cannot be brushed away easily and it is better. Although it has the benefit of increase interest rates in the stock market and income, inequality rise is more across all countries. For example in the United States productivity move up by 35 percent while underemployment, job security, loss of benefit and lean production system increased in bigger margin (Herman 1999). remnant Globalization is a new concept that cuts across a all spheres of life such as culture, a cademic, political, economic and socially.In this paper i have discussed mainly how globalization influenced global culture and its implications. Global culture is defined as mass culture that appeals to world wide audience. It is particularly advanced by popular culture through different media channels. Globalization also touches political and economic aspects of several countries this has a direct effect on the democracy, economic status and welfare of its citizens. Globalization has beneficial impact on the government and citizens with varied margins.REFERNCE Alston, P, 1998, Statement, UN committee, Available at http//www. globalpolicy. org/globaliz/define/unstate. htmGlobal policy forum, 2008, globalization,Global policy forum, Available at http//www. globalpolicy. org/globaliz/index. htm Herman, E, S, 1999, Treat globalization, New politics, vol. 7, No. 2, Available at Oregon State, 2008, Definition, Available at oregonstate. edu/instruct/anth370/gloss. html Robertson, R, 1992 , Globalization, SAGE, London. Scott, A, 1997, Global culture, Routledge, London. Soules, M, 2002, finishing, History, Available at http//www. mala. bc. ca/soules/media112/culture. htm Tabb, W, 1999, Progressive globalism, Monthly review, Available at http//www. globalpolicy. org/globaliz/define/progglob. htm

Regret by Kate Chopin Essay

In the short story Regret by Kate Chopin, a woman named Mamzelle Aurelie has to watch a neighbors four children for two weeks. Mamzelle is an old and lonely woman who never believed in love or marriage. She has never had a man, nor been married, and lives alone on her farm with some animals. She also has African Americans, or negroes, who work around her house for maintenance. Because of a dangerous illness that her mother acquired, the younger neighbor had to leave, and could no longer watch after her children. This is where Mamzelle comes in, who has never had children before. In the beginning, she has great problems managing the children. However, after a short period of time, she begins realizing that humans need more than just forage and a place to sleep. This is when she really starts to develop a relationship with the children. Once the children return to their mother, Mamzelle cries very heavily in remorse.In the beginning, Mamzelle is described as a good strong figure, rudd y cheeks and a determined eye. She wears a mans hat and a blue army overcoat. and heretofore sometimes top-boots. From her brief description, it is clear that thither is no femininity, nor does there appear to be any desire to become more feminine. Before meeting the children, there was no desire to become more feminine, until realizing what she had been missing out on. She is forced to play a feminine role, by cooking, sewing, and telling the children bedtime stories to fall asleep. She softens to the point in which she cries, and carries a regret in her heart from never having her own children.The main theme of the story, which is the title of the poem, is regret. The woman in the story has lived a lonely life, and she judgement that she was happy with the life she had. It wasnt until taking care of her neighbors children did she realize what she was missing out on by being alone. For the first time, musical composition caring for those children, she began to realize all the jo ys and sadness that life brings. She has regret that she didnt live life to its fullest, regret that she didnt want that priceless joy in her life,and regret that she was too old to try and acquire it.

Part Seven Chapter 2

No problem, he muttered. He was glad. He could not imagine what they had left field to talk about. This way he could sit with Gaia.A little way down Church Row, Samantha Mollison was standing at her sitting-room window, holding a coffee and ceremonial mourners pass her house on their way to St Michael and All Saints. When she apothegm Tessa W entirely, and what she thought was Fats, she let out a little gasp.Oh my God, hes going, she said out loud, to nobody.Then she recognise Andrew, turned red, and backed hastily away from the glass.Samantha was supposed to be working from home. Her laptop lay open behind her on the sofa, but that morning she had assemble on an old black dress, half wondering whether she would attend Krystal and Robbie Weedons funeral. She supposed that she had only a few more minutes in which to make up her mind.She had never spoken a kind word about Krystal Weedon, so surely it would be hypocritical to attend her funeral, purely because she had wept over the account of her expiration in the Yarvil and rule Gazette, and because Krystals chubby face grinned out of every one of the class photographs that Lexie had brought home from St Thomass?Samantha set down her coffee, zip to the telephone and rang Miles at work.Hello, babe, he said.(She had held him while he sobbed with relief beside the hospital bed, where Howard lay connected to machines, but alive.)Hi, she said. How are you?Not bad. Busy morning. Lovely to hear from you, he said. Are you all right?(They had made love the previous night, and she had not pretended that he was anybody else.)The funerals about to start, said Samantha. People going by She had suppressed what she wanted to arrange for nearly three weeks, because of Howard, and the hospital, and not wanting to remind Miles of their awful row, but she could not hold it back any longer. Miles, I saw that boy. Robbie Weedon. I saw him, Miles. She was panicky, pleading. He was in the St Thomass playing field when I walked a cross it that morning.In the playing field?In the last three weeks, a desire to be absorbed in something bigger than herself had grown in Samantha. Day by day she had waited for the strange new need to subside (this is how people go religious, she thought, act to laugh herself out of it) but it had, if anything, intensified.Miles, she said, you k straight the council with your dad and Parminder Jawanda resigning too youll want to co-opt a duplicate of people, wont you? She knew all the terminology she had listened to it for years. I mean, you wont want another(prenominal) election, after all this?Bloody hell, no.So Colin Wall could fill one seat, she rushed on, and I was thinking, Ive got time now the business is all online I could do the other one.You? said Miles, astonished.Id exchangeable to get involved, said Samantha.Krystal Weedon, dead at sixteen, barricaded inside the squalid little house on Foley Road Samantha had not drunk a glass of wine in two weeks. She thought that she might like to hear the arguments for Bellchapel Addiction Clinic.The telephone was ringing in tour ten Hope Street. Kay and Gaia were already late leaving for Krystals funeral. When Gaia asked who was speaking, her lovely face hardened she seemed much older.Its Gavin, she told her mother.I didnt call him whispered Kay, like a nervous schoolgirl as she took the phone.Hi, said Gavin. How are you?On my way out to a funeral, said Kay, with her eyes locked on her daughters. The Weedon childrens. So, not fabulous.Oh, said Gavin. Christ, yeah. Sorry. I didnt realize.He had spotted the familiar surname in a Yarvil and District Gazette headline, and, vaguely interested at last, bought a copy. It had occurred to him that he might prevail walked close by the place where the teenagers and the boy had been, but he had no actual memory of seeing Robbie Weedon.Gavin had had an odd couple of weeks. He was deficient Barry badly. He did not understand himself when he should have been mir ed in misery that Mary had turned him down, all he wanted was a beer with the man whose wife he had hoped to take as his own (Muttering aloud as he had walked away from her house, he had said to himself, Thats what you get for trying to steal your best friends life, and failed to respect the slip of the tongue.)Listen, he said, I was wondering whether you fancied a drink later?Kay almost laughed.Turn you down, did she?She handed Gaia the phone to hang up. They zip out of the house and half jogged to the end of the street and up through the Square. For ten strides, as they passed the Black Canon, Gaia held her mothers hand.They arrived as the hearses appeared at the top of the road, and hurried into the graveyard while the pall-bearers were shuffling out onto the pavement.(Get away from the window, Colin Wall commanded his son.But Fats, who had to live henceforth with the knowledge of his own cowardice, moved forward, trying to audition that he could, at least, take this The coff ins glided past in the big black-windowed cars the first was fulgid pink, and the sight robbed him of breath, and the second was tiny and shiny white Colin placed himself in front of Fats too late to protect him, but he drew the curtains anyway. In the gloomy, familiar sitting room, where Fats had confessed to his parents that he had exposed his fathers illness to the world where he had confessed to as much as he could think of, in the hope that they would conclude him to be mad and ill where he had tried to heap upon himself so much blame that they would beat him or stab him or do to him all those things that he knew he deserved, Colin put a hand gently on his sons back and steered him away, towards the sunlit kitchen.)Outside St Michael and All Saints, the pall-bearers were readying themselves to take the coffins up the church path. Dane Tully was among them, with his earring and a self-inked tattoo of a spiders web on his neck, in a heavy black overcoat.The Jawandas waited with the Bawdens in the shade of the yew tree. Andrew Price hovered near them, and Tessa Wall stood at some distance, pale and stony-faced. The other mourners formed a separate soldiers around the church doors. Some had a pinched and defiant air others looked resigned and defeated a few wore cheap black clothes, but most were in jeans or tracksuits, and one girl was sporting a cut-off T-shirt and a belly-ring that caught the sun when she moved. The coffins moved up the path, gleaming in the bright vague.It was Sukhvinder Jawanda who had chosen the bright pink coffin for Krystal, as she was sure she would have wanted. It was Sukhvinder who had done nearly everything organizing, choosing and persuading. Parminder kept looking sideways at her daughter, and finding excuses to touch her brushing her whisker out of her eyes, smoothing her collar.Just as Robbie had come out of the river purified and regretted by Pagford, so Sukhvinder Jawanda, who had risked her life to try and drive home t he boy, had emerged a heroine. From the article about her in the Yarvil and District Gazette to Maureen Lowes loud proclamations that she was recommending the girl for a special police award to the speech her headmistress made about her from the lectern in assembly, Sukhvinder knew, for the first time, what it was to eclipse her associate and sister.She had hated every minute of it. At night, she felt again the dead boys weight in her arms, dragging her towards the deep she remembered the temptation to let go and save herself, and asked herself how long she would have resisted it. The deep scar on her leg itched and ached, whether moving or stationary. The news of Krystal Weedons death had had such an alarming effect on her that her parents had position a counsellor, but she had not cut herself once since being pulled from the river her near drowning seemed to have purged her of the need.Then, on her first day back at school, with Fats Wall take over absent, and admiring stares f ollowing her down the corridors, she had heard the rumour that Terri Weedon had no money to bury her children that there would be no stone marker, and the cheapest coffins.Thats very sad, Jolly, her mother had said that evening, as the family sat eating dinner together under the wall of family photographs. Her tone was as gentle as the policewomans had been there was no snap in Parminders piece any more when she spoke to her daughter.I want to try and get people to give money, said Sukhvinder.Parminder and Vikram glanced at each other across the kitchen table. both(prenominal) were instinctively opposed to the idea of asking people in Pagford to donate to such a cause, but neither of them said so. They were a little afraid, now that they had seen her forearms, of upsetting Sukhvinder, and the shadow of the as-yet-unknown counsellor seemed to be hovering over all their interactions.And, Sukhvinder went on, with a feverish energy like Parminders own, I think the funeral service shou ld be here, at St Michaels. Like Mr Fairbrothers. Krys used to go to all the services here when we were at St Thomass. I bet she was never in another church in her life.The light of God shines from every soul, thought Parminder, and to Vikrams surprise she said abruptly, Yes, all right. Well have to see what we can do.The bulk of the expense had been met by the Jawandas and the Walls, but Kay Bawden, Samantha Mollison and a couple of the mothers of girls on the rowing team had donated money too. Sukhvinder then insisted on going into the Fields in person, to explain to Terri what they had done, and why all about the rowing team, and why Krystal and Robbie should have a service at St Michaels.Parminder had been exceptionally worried about Sukhvinder going into the Fields, let alone that filthy house, by herself, but Sukhvinder had known that it would be all right. The Weedons and the Tullys knew that she had tried to save Robbies life. Dane Tully had stopped grunting at her in Englis h, and had stopped his mates from doing it too.Terri agreed to everything that Sukhvinder suggested. She was emaciated, dirty, monosyllabic and entirely passive. Sukhvinder had been frightened of her, with her pockmarked arms and her missing teeth it was like talking to a corpse.Inside the church, the mourners divided cleanly, with the people from the Fields taking the left-hand pews, and those from Pagford, the right. Shane and Cheryl Tully marched Terri along between them to the front row Terri, in a coat two sizes too large, seemed scarcely aware of where she was.

Economic situation after Emancipation Essay

The Post Emancipation period resulted in most of the ex slaves leaving the e asserts. Many of them set themselves up as peasant (small) farmers. This resulted in a massive labour shortage which threatened to cause the sugar industry to collapse.The sugar industry was already in a poor state because of (1) shortage of labour and (2) sugar beet competition. To avoid total decline, planters essay to introduce in-migration in the form of bringing in laborers from Europe, another(prenominal)(a) Caribbean is solid grounds, Asia and other areas. They also tried to introduce technology in order to reduce the cost of sugar production. However, all of these efforts could not stop the changes from sugar monoculture (planting of one harvest-time which was sugar cane) to agricultural diversification (planting of many crops). As a result of this, many crops were produced after emancipation e.g. banana, cocoa and arrowroot. Agricultural diversification also occurred because ex-slaves grew crops other than sugar cane. These peasant farmers grew not only food crops for eating but cash crops to sell. Peasant farming began by ex slaves but was boosted by the eastern hemisphere Indians who came through immigration to work on groves.Therefore the emancipation of slaves and their exodus or mass departure from the plantations led to (1) the development of peasant farming and (2) Immigration. restriction Problems in the Post Emancipation periodBefore emancipation, all territories in the British West Indies could be classified as the same because they were all plantation economies based on slave labour. After emancipation island separatedness developed as each island began to take different turns to develop. In other words islands developed at different rates. Larger islands had greater labour problems because they had more land and monumentalr numbers of ex slaves but few of them were willing to work on plantations after emancipation.Lets compare Trinidad and Jamaica after ema ncipation. Trinidad wasconsidered a medium sized territory with a large population of freed persons or ex slaves. Jamaica was considered a large island with an even larger population of freed persons. The difference is that Trinidad had a similar labour problem and saw immigration as the solution to this labour shortage. Jamaica had a mussiness more problem and therefore an even larger labour problem but the government at the time did not want to introduce immigration to solve this problem.Attitudes to estate/ plantation labour after emancipationAttitudes of the ex- slaves(1) Ex-slaves wanted to turn their backs on the plantation which they associated with slavery and cruelty. They had a desire for personal shore leave and land makeership. Of the slaves who considered meaning on plantations to work, many were turned off by low wages on plantations. Those who chose to both live and work on plantations were pressure to pay high rents on estate houses.(2) Ex slaves longed to acqire an education because it would free them from bondage to the soil. Parents believed that it would have been too late for them to progress through education but not for their children.(3) In general plantation life affected the slaves so much that slaves tried toown land of their own as a means of securing their own property. They felt hopeful that they could succeed if they had their own land because they were familiar with agriculture from working as slaves on the plantations and also there was land available for trade in about territories (e.g. estates which were deserted by owners and state land which was unused)Attitudes of the planters or plantation ownersAfter emancipation, the main concern of the white planters was to ensure that they had labour for their plantations. However, some planters had abandoned their estates because they watched the exodus of ex slaves and were afraid of having to pay high wages to labourers. Most planters tried to convince ex-slaves to stay and w ork for pay by precept that they would provide goodworking and living conditions on their plantations as well as high wages but this was far from the truth. Many planters also tried to prevent freed men from getting land so that they would not be able to make a living planting crops and so they would therefore be forced to return to plantations to work. They did this by making the land too expensive or the ex slaves to buy.What did ex slaves do to survive after emancipation? approximately remained on plantations to work for wagesSome became peasant farmers farmers and grew crops to sellFemale ex slaves would get jobs sewing, making handicraft, peddling items and shop keeping Male ex slaves would get involved in small trading, peddling and shop keeping Ex slaves would get together and combine money to buy large plots of land that were too expensive to buy individually and split the land among them.

Policy Development Essay

house servant vehemence jackpot be draw as any mixed bag of deliberate coercion, bodily harm, cozy assault, or any other form of violent look committed by an snug partner. Domestic power has plagued tout ensemble walks of life despite the age, race, religion, or background. Violence against an adumbrate partner is frequently followed by psychological curse and controlling behavior relating to the methodical blueprint of power and control. Domestic violence comes in many forms barely non perpetually seen by the naked eye. Domestic violence constitutes forms of physical hollo, psychological abuse or even remnant that can be seen by other family members possibly causing a free burning cycle of abuse for generations to come.Facts and StatisticsIt is hard to grasp the notion that somewhere in the world every nine seconds a cleaning lady is being beaten or assaulted. On average, 85% of dupes of interior(prenominal) violence are women and 1 in every three women go out en dure some form of house servant violence in their inhering life. Sadly enough only one fourth of all dupes who have been physically assaulted by an intimate partner will actually report it to the police, implying that official statistics will never justify the full mise en place setting of the problem. The average age of a female victim who is at the greatest risk of harm by an intimate partner is between 20 to 24 years one-time(a). Domestic violence is the primary tooth root of harm to a woman over all other realiz able-bodied harmful circumstances she will encounter.As if domestic violence isnt already difficult enough for women to endure in an intimate relationship, if she has a male child who witnesses these assaults he is now two times more than likely to abuse his partner or children as an adult passing along the cycle of abuse for our future. Statistics have shown that 30% to 60% of intimate partners who assault also assault their children. Intimate partner homicides that are reported to police occupy upapproximately one third of female homicide victims and 70% to 80% of those victims had a front assault history. A very small amount of victims actually adjudicate medical swear outment afterward an assault but yet a vastly larger number of approximately 18.5 million victims seek mental health treatment following an assault. Separation isnt always the ultimate solution to the problem. over 70% of women who were injured during a domestic violence assault were assaulted after the separation (Safehorizon,2014).StakeholdersLaw Enforcement lots times victimization in representatives of domestic violence is conducted behind closed doors causing natural law enforcement to become the first line of defense for victims of domestic violence. If the response of the police is extremely insufficient it has a negative impact on the victim making them less likely to use the deplorable evaluator system in the future. There are typically three types of po lice responses to domestic violence non-intervention, mediation, and arrest. The sign typical police response to domestic violence was the non-intervention way as police felt that domestic violence was a private matter best kept at home. The second fire is mediation which promotes crisis intervention including separating both parties, reconciliation, or social services referral. This method was designed to keep domestic violence out of the shepherds crook arbiter system however, it proved to be ineffective. Now a more full policy to domestic violence is the arrest of an offender as a presumed or mandatory response.Domestic violence cases are different in the sense that the offender can be taken into storage area under a confirmless arrest as these types of misdemeanors do not have to occur in the officers presence. Legal changes have been made where officers now arrest the primary aggressor instead of the old dual arrest practices affecting the victim more than the offende r. It has been shown that an officer is more often than not the victims last resort to alleviate the problem as they typically chose other routes as to not affect their livelihood. In all domestic violence situations officers shall make an arrest when an offense of violence has been presented, treat these acts of domestic violence as criminal, never disregard security system against domestic violence base upon race, religion, sexual orientation, immediately reportall cases of family violence, and receive training on domestic violence required by law (Erez,2002).Due to the fact that domestic violence affects a large number of people, it is plausible to articulate that leaving the abuser is not as easy as people whitethorn think which would lastly stop the abuse. Since this is true, law enforcement must approach domestic violence as stern as they approach any other significant crime by providing time, resources and attention. Given that law enforcement is spending a net ton of ti me focusing on domestic violence, it is important for these agencies to establish a domestic violence policy that indicates reports will be completed on each domestic violence call regardless of whether or not an arrest was made. The most significant and respected service a law enforcement officer can provide to a victim is an arrest of their abuser (Klein,2009).ProsecutorsProsecutors play a very important office in the quest of abusers within the criminal jurist system in hopes of providing harsh judgments preventing reoffending and bump protection of victims. If prosecutors fail to prosecute the bulk of domestic violence cases conducted by law enforcement an internal examination into their practices, policies, and priorities should be conducted providing an explanation as to why fewer quests are being serviceed. They should not allow victims who are opposed to prosecute their abuser stop them from proceeding on with the case. If a vast number of victims are volition to sign an profane swearing of non prosecution, it is certain that prosecutors and law enforcement must come up with a better a way for victims to trust them so more cases are prosecuted. For prosecutors to gain a more successful prosecution rate, they must enhance victim cooperation and involvement by concentrating on the victims fears of being make itle again or testifying in courtyard without fear of retaliation.In the event that a defendant possesses serious risk to the victim during trial, prosecutors must take all measures to protect the victim to effectively prosecute the case. It has been insisted upon by the judge that prosecutors report to the court any defendants negative actions such as reoffending, ominous or intimidating the victim so that potentially other charges can be added while the certain case is still pending. While still being compassionate towards the victim, prosecution must base it caseon the law and penalties of the law versus the individual preferences of the victim as they tend to become more sonant during the course of the trial fearing retaliation in the future. Prosecution must also notify the defendant of this attend to so they dont believe this is based upon the victims requests.Prosecutors must work great deal in hand with law enforcement to obtain all the evidence associated with the case as well as identify and include all witnesses mixed. Domestic violence can be deterred if prosecution sufficiently concenters on the abuser risk by inflicting harsh sentences such as supervised probation and incarceration while revelation the defendants prior criminal and abuse history in hopes to prevent reoffending (Klein,2009). The ideals that lawmakers had on prosecution or adjudication for domestic violence is consequently not being enforced.Legal representatives may become doubtful active the deadening of violent behavior, or disbelieve the seriousness of the plaintiffs, can either enforce the law firmly for prosecution purpos es, or at the same time be understanding of the physical aggression that could be considered effectual punishment for the victims marital infidelity. Legal representatives are prone to characterize domestic violence as a civil matter for a ruling in divorce courts versus criminal courts. The prosecution and adjudication phases are substantial for offenders ultimately deciding their guilt or innocence, establishing a criminal record and providing a punishment. These phases are significant for the victim as well as they begin to trust the criminal justice system again (Erez,2002).JudgesJudges can ultimately be the final ill-use in the adjudication process of domestic violence abusers so their role is extremely crucial in the protection of the victim. save handing down a guilty verdict does not guarantee reoffending of the abuser so judges should concentrate more on invasive sentences that include incarceration especially for those who are repeat offenders and those with an extensiv e criminal history. Even though judges should be open-minded when it comes to the views of the victims regarding punishment, he must enlighten all parties involved that he is compelled to hand out the most appropriate sentence pertaining to this case regardless of whether or not the victim agrees. Regardless whether thedefendant turns himself into the court for a domestic violence case, he should be hard-boiled as seriously as the offender arrested on scene as it has been shown that the typical offender flees the scene of the incident prior to officers arrival where a warrant is later issued for their arrest.Judges should hand down sentences that reflect the offenders prior criminal history as those are signs of attainable reoffending regardless if it reflects prior domestic violence offenses. In the event a defendant offends while pending another court case for domestic violence, judges may take that into account for purposes of bail, civil orders, and sentencing. Affidavits fil l up out by the victim dont fully describe the abuse suffered by the victim or the fear of future abuse as this document is solely based upon the incident at hand.It is extremely valuable for the judge to further investigate this case by asking the victim more questions as well as examining the prior arrest history of the offender to have a better grasp on the whole picture relating to the abuse. Judges may issue protective orders to the victim but unfortunately this is only a strong piece of paper and it does not prevent abusers from reoffending. Judges should make every effort to house a user friendly courtroom, safe environment for all parties involved, be compassionate to the victims, and yet stern with defendants once some sort of abuse has been brought forward. When judges are able to represent the courtroom in this manner victims concerns are validated and the defendants behavior is shown to be unacceptable (Klein,2009).Public OpinionMost people are in agreement that someone should step in when an abusive domestic violence situation arises, but they dont agree on what their involvement should be, or the responsibility of the victim to reduce the violence by removing themselves from the abusive relationship. Even though people have the same opinion about domestic violence being a criminal act, they are not essentially on the same page that police should regularly arrest the offender or use other corrective authority versus using other alternatives.This apparent apprehension may be the outcome of peoples uncertainty concerning the applications of criminal sanctions. One theory is they believe offenders warrant the penalisation of arrest or jail, yet another theory is they are often practical about the efficiency of the punishmentactually putting a stop to the aggressive actions or the probability the penalty will ultimately protect the victim. A more promising effect is possibly that of rehabilitation and victim or community focused changes. Nonetheless, such changes like offender treatments, education, and victims ultimately leaving the relationship unfold to be a rare result (Carlson,2002).ReformRecent reform within the prosecution and adjudication process of domestic violence includes the issuance of protective order as well as special reasoned defenses for knock about women who have killed their abuser. At one time civil protection orders were only obtainable through and through a pending divorce, recently they have been pushed through legislation for battered women who are not soon involved in a divorce proceeding. The main objective of domestic violence reform has been aimed at the prosecution process as it has been found that too many cases, misdemeanors, were falling out of the criminal justice process during different stages. Through the years, domestic violence has become one of the most talked about policies and is in constant reform as ideals are continuously changing. Historically very little action by the police a nd prosecutors has been done regarding domestic violence and without a more serious offense, prior record of offender, possible weapon use, injuries, or physical evidence most cases wont see the inside of a courtroom.The most effective way to present a domestic violence case before the court is to have the victims cooperation but yet most prosecutors predict that victims will sign an affidavit of non prosecution ultimately dismissing the case altogether typically causing prosecutors to hesitate before filling a case. Prosecution efforts should be based upon the victims safety not the conviction of the offender. It should also be an approach to getting the word out to the offender that the abuse is unacceptable and will not be tolerated. Prosecutors have recently found a way to prosecute domestic violence offenses even when the complainant does not want to pursue charges. They have implemented victim advocacy programs within the prosecutors office in hopes to boost victim retention w ithin the process. some other approach is the evidence based prosecution, which is the idea of gathering all significant evidence to build a case against anoffender without the victim. many a(prenominal) people believe these practices take away from the victims freedoms of determining their course of action (Erez,2002).Another reform is that of the battered woman syndrome which has been employed in hopes of fixing past practices of disregarding the difficulty battered women face when she wants to defend herself in court, or the necessity to apply principals of law, or self defense that were not particularly appropriate for issues relating to abuse. This tactic has been used as a legal defense for women who battered or killed their abuser after they have suffered many years of abuse and responded by causing harm or death to them.Often times these cases are from battered women who harm their abuser without first being riled due to the psychological state of mind the victim has suff ered for many years (Erez,2002). Domestic violence has plagued all walks of life despite the age, race, religion, or background. Without the constant fight by all stakeholders within the criminal justice system for the victims of domestic violence, no real solution to the problem can come of this resolve. Constant and continuous reform is necessary to maintain the safety and security of all victims preserving their trust with the criminal justice system.