Franchising and Domino

PROJECT REPORT ON add CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF dominoS pizza pie pie SUBMITTED TOSUBMITTED BYDR. HAIDER ALI KUMAR SHANTANU ROLL NO. 22 1 MBA(E-BUSINESS) SEMESTER IV TABLE OF CONTENTS SL NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. PARTICULARS ABOUT eye maskS PIZZA dominoS IN INDIA scorecard IN eye maskS COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS OF DOMINOS BUSINESS strategy OF DOMINOS STORE trading operations SUPPLY CHAIN OF DOMINOS PAGE NO. 3 3 5 6 7 9 12 2 ABOUT DOMINOS PIZZAFounded in 1960, dominos pizza pie is the recognized world leader in pizza pie delivery run a ne cardinalrk of tot solelyyiance- possess and exemption-owned broths in the joined States and transnational food markets. half masks pizzas Vision illustrates a go with of exceptional people on a mission to be the best pizza pie Delivery troupe in the world. dominos started expose sm alone with the legendary Tom Monaghan who bought his first pizza line of descent and called it Dominicks. It was re-christened dominos Pizza in 1965. Ho ey e masksver, in 1978, the 200th half masks terminus undefendable, and things rightfully began to cook.By 1983 there Were 1000 dominos strains, rising to 5000 in 1989. right away, there ar to a greater extent than 9000 en certificationmentd and company owned submits in the coupled States and 60 planetary markets . half masks is listed on the NYSE low the symbol DPZ. The dominos Pizza steel was screamd a Mega instigant by Advertising Age magazine. eye masks Pizza was named Chain of the Year by Pizza Today magazine, the leading publication of the pizza industry. In 2009, half masks rank flake one in customer satisfaction in a survey of consumers of the U. S. argest limited serve up restaurants, according to the annual American node Satisfaction Index (ACSI). dominos has paded its poster significantly since 2008 to include Oven sunbaked Sandwiches and BreadBowl Pasta, and recently debuted its Inspired New Pizza- a permanent change to its vegetable marrow hand-t ossed product, reinvented from the crust up with new behave, cheese and garlic seasoned crust. DOMINOS IN INDIA disdainful Food Works restrict, a Jubilant Bhartia Group Company holds the Master Franchisee Rights for dominos Pizza for India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.The company has been listed on the Indian btheses recently. Prior to Sep 24, 2009, the company was known as eye masks Pizza India Limited and underwent a name change, rest of the terms remaining the 3 equal. The producers of the company argon Mr. Shyam S Bhartia, Mr. Hari S Bhartia and Jubilant Enpro Private Ltd. half masks Pizza opened its first gillyflower in India in January 1996, at New Delhi. Today Dominos Pizza India has grown into a countrywide network of more than terce hundred livestocks with a group up of all over 9,000 people.According to the India Retail Report 2009, It was the hugest Pizza image in India and the fastest ontogenesis multinational fast feed drawstring betDominosen 2006 -2007 and 2008-2009 in terms of number of caudexs. Over the period since 1996, Dominos Pizza India has remained centered on delivering great tasting Pizzas and cases, superior step, exceptional customer dish out and value for gold ho employings. It has endeavored to establish a reputation for universe a home delivery specialist capable of delivering pizzas indoors 30 minutes or else FREE to a community of loyal consumers from all the bloods around the country.Dominos vision is cerebrate on Exceptional people on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world . It is committed to bringing fun, happiness and convenience to lives of the consumers by delivering pleasant-tasting pizzas to their doorstep and social movements atomic number 18 aimed at fulfilling this commitment towards a salient and ever- enlarge customer metrical unit. Dominos constantly strives to modernize products that suit the tastes of the consumers and hence delighting them. Dominos call backs impregnablely in the strategy of Think global and act topical anaesthetic.Thus, time and again it has been innovating with palatable new products much(prenominal) as crusts, make passpings and flavthes suitable to the taste buds of Indian Consumers. merely providing value for money and cheap products to the consumers has been an important part of its efforts. Dominos initiatives such(prenominal) as Fun Meal and Pizza dementia put up been extremely popular with consumers looking for an affordable and value for money meal option. The Brand Positioning of Khushiyon ki domicile Delivery (Happiness Home delivered) is the emotional benefit it offers to the consumers.All the efforts, whether it is a new innovative and delicious product, offering consumers value for money deals, great service, country wide social movement or delivery in 30 minutes or release be all oriented towards delivering happiness to the homes of the consumers. Consumers can order their pizzas b y calling the single Happiness Hotline number 1800-111-123 (in some cities of Dominos Pizzas Presence) and 44448888 (in NCR, Mumbai and Bangalore). 4 MENU IN DOMINOS VEGETARIANSIMPLY VEG Margherita high mallow and Tomato pizza VEG I Double Cheese Margherita Fresh Veggie Country special Farm House VEG II Peppy Paneer Mexican Green curl up Deluxe Veggie Gthemet FEAST PIZZA Veg Extravaganza NON-VEGETARIAN SIMPLY NON VEG Cheese And Barbeque crybaby NON VEG I Barbeque complainer Spicy yellow NON VEG II Chicken Mexican chromatic Wave FEAST PIZZA Meatzaa Keema Do Pyaaza Non Veg Extravaganza Chicken Golden Cheese And Delight Pepperoni nerve ORDERS 5 VEGETARIAN Veg Mexican Wrap Veg Pasta Italiano White Veg Pasta Italiano Red Garlic Breadsticks Cheese Jalapeno Dip Cheese Dip Choco Lava streakNON-VEGETARIAN Veg Mexican Wrap Veg Pasta Italiano White Veg Pasta Italiano Red Chicken Wings COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS OF DOMINOS ? Strong and proven maturation and earnings baffle- Over a 50- yea r old history, it has certain a wayed growth and earnings model. This model is anchored by stong store-level scotchs, which grant an entrepreneurial incentive for license, and generate demand for new stores. The certify remains in return has produced strong and consistent earnings through and through render grasp and royalty payments revenue, with minimal touch ond capital expenditures. Strong store-level economics- It has true a cost- efficient store model, characterized by a delivery and carry-out oriented store design, with low capital requirements and a foc utilise menu of quality, affordable pizza and complimentary human face items. At the store level, it commits that simplicity and susceptibility of operations gives it rewards over its competitors. ? Strong and Overall-diversified immunity system- It has developed a large, global and diversified franchise network that is critical component of its system-wide triumph and efficient pizza delivery.The franchise system network consists of 8284 stores, 55% of which be located in get together States. 6 ? Strong cash lam and earnings stream- A substantial percentage of the earnings argon generated by the commited, owner-operator franchises through royalty payments and revenues to vertically integrated interpret drawing string system. ? Strong brand aw areness- Dominos pizza brand is one of the to the highest degree widely known consumer brand in the world. Consumers associate the brand with timely delivery of pizza, affordable pizza and complimentary aspect items. Dominos brand has been routinely recognized as a megabrand by Advertising Age. Internal pelf manufacturing and go forth concatenation system- In addition to generating significant revenues and earnings, the vertically integrated dough manufacturing and hand over chain system enhances the quality and consistency of the products and the relationship with the franchises. It excessively helps in leveraging economies of scal e to offer loDominosr cost to stores and allows the store dressrs to better focus on store operations and customer service by relieving them of the responsibility of mixing dough in the stores. BUSINESS dodging OF DOMINOSIt intends to achieve further growth and strengthen the hawkish position through the continued implementation of business strategy which includes the by-line elements? Continue to execute the mission statement- The mission statement of Dominos is exceptional franchises and team members on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world. It implements this by pursual a business strategy that- puts franchises and company owned stores at the foundation of all the thinking and decisions emphasizes the ability to select,develop and retain exceptional team embers and franchises 7 provides a strong infrastructure to support the stores builds excellent store operations to create loyal customers ? Growing the leading position in an attractive industry - U. S. pizza delivery and carry-out are the largest components of the U. S. QSR pizza grade. They are as well as highly fragmented. Pizza delivery, through which a majority of sell gross revenue are generated, had sales of $10. 9 billion in the dozen months ended November 2008. As the leader in U. S. izza delivery, dominos believes that favorable store locations, simple direct model, widely-recognized brand and efficient lend chain system are competitive advantages that position it to capitalize on futurity growth. Carry-out had $13. 8 billion of sales in the twelve months ended November 2008. small-arm the primary focus is on pizza delivery, dominos is too favorably positioned as a leader in carry-out given the strong brand, convenient store locations and quality, affordable menu offerings. ? Leveraging the strong brand awareness - Dominos believes that he strength of the Dominos Pizza brand makes us one of the first choices of consumers seeking a convenient, quality an d affordable meal. Dominos intend to continue to call down the brand name and enhance the reputation as the leader in pizza delivery. In 2007 Dominos launched the campaign, You Got 30 Minutes, which make on the Companys 30-minute delivery heritage. In 2007 and 2008, each of the internal stores contributed 4% of their retail sales to the advertisement fund for national publicise in addition to contributions for market-level advertising.Additionally, for 2007 the municipal stores at heart active co-operatives elected to allot an additive 1% of their advertising contributions to support national advertising initiatives. Dominos intend to leverage the strong brand by go along to introduce innovative, consumer-tested and profitable new product varieties (such as Dominos Brooklyn Style Pizza and Dominos Oven Baked Sandwiches), complementary side items (such as buffalo wings, garish bread, Dominos cow Chicken Kickers and Cinna Stix) and value promotions as through trade affi liations with brands such as Coca- poop. Additionally, Dominos may from time-to-time partner with opposite organizations in an effort to promote the Dominos Pizza brand. Dominos believes these opportunities, when twin with the scale and share leadership, forget allow to grow the position in U. S. pizza delivery. ? Expand and optimize the house servant store go alongic - Dominos plan to continue expanding the base of house servant stores to take advantage of 8 the attractive growth opportunities in U. S. pizza delivery.Dominos believes that the scale allows to expand the store base with limited trade, distribution and other incremental infrastructure costs. Additionally, the franchise-oriented business model allows to expand the store base with limited capital expenditures and working capital requirements. period Dominos plan to expand the traditional house servant help help store base in the first place through opening new franchise stores, Dominos will similarly contin ually evaluate the mix of Company-owned and franchise stores and strategically film franchise stores and refranchise Company-owned stores. Continue to grow the multinational Business - Dominos believe that pizza has global appeal and that there is strong and growing supranational demand for delivered pizza. Dominos develop successfully built a broad international platform, al well-nigh maxly through the conquer franchise model, as evidenced by the 3,726 international stores in more than 60 countries. Dominos believes that Dominos continue to overhear significant semipermanent growth opportunities in international markets where Dominos adopt established a leading presence.In the current top ten international markets, Dominos believe that the store base in total for these ten markets is virtually half of the total long-term potential store base in those markets. Generally, Dominos believe Dominos will achieve long-term growth internationally as a result of the favorable stor e-level economics of the business model, the growing international demand for delivered pizza and the strong global recognition of the Dominos Pizza brand. The international stores boast produced positive quarterly same(p) store sales growth for 60 consecutive quarters. STORE OPERATIONSDominos believe that the focused and proven store model provides a significant competitive advantage relative to many of the competitors who focus on multiple components of the pizza category, particularly dine-in. Dominos have been focused on pizza delivery for 48 years. Because the interior(prenominal) stores and most of the international stores do non offer dine-in spheres, they typically do not require expensive real estate, are relatively small and are relatively inexpensive to build and equip. The stores also benefit from lower fear costs, as store assets have long lives and updates 9 re not frequently needful. The simple and efficient operational processes, which Dominos have refined thro ugh continuous improvement, include strategic store locations to palliate delivery service outturn-oriented store designs product and process innovations a focused menu efficient order winning, production and delivery Dominos rhythm point-of-sale system and a comprehensive store analyze political program. Strategic store locations to facilitate delivery service Dominos locate the stores strategically to facilitate timely delivery service to the customers.The majority of the domestic stores are located in populated areas in or adjacent to large or mid-size cities, or on or right college campuses. Dominos use geographic information software, which in incorporateds variables such as traffic volumes, competitor locations, household demographics and visibility, to evaluate and identify potential store locations and new markets. Production-oriented store designs The typical store is relatively small, occupying approximately 1,000 to 1,300 feather feet, and is intentional wi th a focus on efficient and timely production of consistently high quality pizza for delivery.The store layout has been refined over time to provide an efficient flow from order taking to delivery. The stores are primarily production facilities and, accordingly, do not typically have a dine-in area. Product and process innovations The 48 years of experience and innovative refinement have resulted in numerous new product and process developments that increase both quality and qualification. These include the efficient, vertically-integrated allow chain system, a sturdier corrugated pizza box and a mesh screen that helps cook pizza crust more evenly.The Dominos HeatWave blistering bag, which was introduced in 1998, keeps the pizzas hot during delivery. Dominos also continue to introduce new products such as Dominos Oven Baked Sandwiches, which Dominos launched in 2008. Additionally, Dominos have added a number of complementary side items to the menu such as buffalo wings, Dominos Buffalo Chicken Kickers, bread sticks, cheesy bread and Cinna Stix. Focused menu 10 Dominos maintain a focused menu that is intentional to present an attractive, quality offering to customers, term minimizing order errors, and expediting the order taking and aliment preparation processes.The basic menu has three choices for pizza products pizza type, pizza size and pizza toppings. Most of the stores carry two or three sizes of Traditional Hand-Tossed, Ultimate Deep Dish, Brooklyn Style and Crunchy Thin incrustation pizza. During 2008, Dominos added the new Dominos Oven Baked Sandwiches to the menu that are in stock(predicate) in fthe main varieties. The typical store also offers buffalo wings, Dominos Buffalo Chicken Kickers, bread sticks, cheesy bread, Cinna Stix and Coca-Cola soft drink products. Dominos also occasionally offer other products on a promotional basis.Dominos believe that the focused menu creates a strong identity among consumers, improves operating susceptibi lity and maintains forage quality and consistency. Efficient order taking, production and delivery for each one store executes an operational process that includes order taking, pizza preparation, cooking (via automated, conveyor-driven ovens), incase and delivery. The entire order taking and pizza production process is designed for completion in approximately 12-15 minutes. These operational processes are supplemented by an protracted employee pedagogy program designed to interpret world-class quality and customer service.It is the priority to ensure that every(prenominal) Dominos store operates in an efficient, consistent manner while maintaining the high standards of food quality and team member safety. Dominos PULSE point-of-sale system The computerized guidance information systems are designed to improve operating efficiencies, provide corporate management with timely rag to financial and marketing data and deoxidise store and corporate administrative time and expense . Dominos have interjected Dominos PULSE, the proprietary point-of-sale system, in every Company-owned store in the United States and significantly all of the domestic franchise stores.Some enhanced features of Dominos PULSE over the forward point-ofsale system include touch screen guild, which improves accuracy and facilitates more efficient order taking a delivery driver routing system, which improves delivery efficiency improved administrative and reporting capabilities, which enable store managers to better focus on store operations and customer satisfaction and enhanced online ordering capability, including Pizza Tracker which was introduced in 2007.Dominos require the domestic franchisees to install Dominos PULSE and are in the process of put in Dominos PULSE in the remaining domestic 11 franchise stores. Additionally, Dominos have installed Dominos PULSE in over 1,000 international franchise stores. Comprehensive store analyze program Dominos utilize a comprehensive store audit program to ensure that the stores are meeting both the pie-eyed standards as the expectations of the customers.The audit program focuses primarily on the quality of the pizza the store is producing, the customer service the store is providing and the condition of the store as viewed by the customer. Dominos believe that this store audit program is an implicit in(p) part of the strategy to maintain high standards in the stores. SUPPLY CHAIN OF DOMINOS Dominos operates in three business segments 12 domestic help stores- The domestic stores segment consists of the domestic franchise operations, which oversee the network of 4,558 franchise stores located in the conterminous United States, and the domestic Company-owned store operations, which operate the network of 489 Company-owned stores located in the contiguous United States Domestic supply chain- The domestic supply chain segment operates 17 regional dough manufacturing and food supply chain centers, one supply cha in center providing equipment and supplies to certain of the domestic and international stores and one vegetable processing supply chain center and International- The nternational segment oversees the network of 3,726 international franchise stores in more than 60 countries. The international segment also distributes food to a limited number of markets from six dough manufacturing and supply chain centers in Alaska, Hawaii and Canada (fthe). Domestic stores During 2008, the domestic stores segment accounted for $511. 6 one thousand million, or 36%, of the consolidated revenues. The domestic franchises are operated by entrepreneurs who own and operate an average of three to fthe stores. save six of the domestic franchisees operate more than 50 stores, including the largest domestic franchisee, which operates revenue stores. The principal sources of revenues from domestic store operations are Company-owned store sales and royalty payments based on retail sales by the franchisees. T he domestic network of Company-owned stores also plays an important strategic role in the preponderantly franchised operating structure.In addition to generating revenues and earnings, Dominos use the domestic Company-owned stores as test sites for new products and promotions as Overall as store operational improvements and as forums for training new store managers and prospective franchisees. Dominos also believe that the domestic Company-owned stores add to the economies of scale available for advertising, marketing and other costs that are primarily borne by the franchisees. While Dominos continue to be primarily a franchised business, Dominos continually evaluate the mix of domestic Company-owned and franchise stores in an effort to optimize the profitability.The domestic Company-owned store operations are dual-lane into eleven geographic areas located throughout the contiguous United States while the domestic franchise operations are divided into fthe regions. The team members within these areas provide direct supervision over the domestic Company-owned stores provide training, store operational audits and marketing services and provide financial analysis and store development services to the franchisees. Dominos maintain a reason relationship with the franchise stores through regional franchise teams, an array of computer-based training materials that help franchise stores comply 13 ith the standards and franchise advisory groups communication theory betDominosen us and the franchisees. Domestic supply chain that facilitate During 2008, the domestic supply chain segment accounted for $771. 1 million, or 54%, of the consolidated revenues. The domestic supply chain segment is comprised of dough manufacturing and supply chain centers that assembly fresh dough on a daily basis and purchase, receive, store and deliver quality pizza-related food products and complementary side items to all of the Company-owned stores and over 99% of the domestic franchise s tores. individualisticly regional dough manufacturing and supply chain center serves approximately 300 stores, generally located within a one-day delivery radius. Dominos regularly supply approximately 5,000 stores with various supplies and ingredients, of which, eight product groups account for over 90% of the volume. The domestic supply chain segment made approximately 575,000 full-service deliveries in 2008 or betDominosen two and three deliveries per store, per Dominosek and Dominos produced over 273 million pounds of dough during 2008.Dominos believe that the franchisees voluntarily choose to support food, supplies and equipment from us because Dominos provide the most efficient, convenient and cost- numberive alternative, while also providing both quality and consistency. In addition, the domestic supply chain segment offers a profitsharing arrangement to stores that purchase all of their food from the domestic dough manufacturing and supply chain centers. This profit-sharin g arrangement generally provides domestic Company-owned stores and participating franchisees with 50% of their regional supply chain centers pre-tax profits.Profits are shared with the franchisees based upon each franchisees purchases from the supply chain centers. Dominos believe these arrangements strengthen the ties with these franchisees. The information systems used by the domestic dough manufacturing and supply chain centers are an integral part of the quality service Dominos provide the stores. Dominos use routing strategies and software to optimize the daily delivery historys, which maximizes on-time deliveries. by dint of the strategic dough manufacturing and supply chain center locations and proven routing systems, Dominos achieved delivery accuracy rates of approximately 99% during 2008. The supply chain center drivers unload food and supplies and stock store shelves typically during non-peak store hthes, which minimizes disruptions in store operations. International Dur ing 2008, the international segment accounted for $142. 4 million, or 10%, of the consolidated revenues.Dominos have 592 franchise stores in Mexico, representing the largest presence of any QSR company in Mexico, 512 franchise stores in the United Kingdom, 412 franchise stores in Australia, 14 305 franchise stores in mho Korea, 296 franchise stores in Canada, 227 franchise stores in India and over 100 franchise stores in each of Japan, France, Taiwan and flop. The principal sources of revenues from the international operations are royalty payments generated by retail sales from franchise stores and sales of food and supplies to franchisees in certain markets.Dominos have grown by more than 1,200 international stores over the past five years. Dominos empower the managers and franchisees to adapt the standard operating model, within certain parameters, to gratify the local anaesthetic eating habits and consumer preferences of various regions outside the contiguous United States. C urrently, most of the international stores are operated under cover franchise promises, and Dominos plan to continue entering into master franchise agreements with qualified franchisees to expand the international operations in selected countries.Dominos believe that the international franchise stores appeal to potential franchisees because of the Overall-recognized brand name, the limited capital expenditures essential to open and operate the stores and the systems favorable store economics. The following table shows the store count as of December 28, 2008 in the top ten international markets, which account for 78% of the international stores.Number of stores Mexico 592 United Kingdom 512 Australia 412 South Korea 305 Canada 296 India 227 Japan 181 France 140 Taiwan 120 Turkey 106 The franchise program As of December 28, 2008, the 4,558 domestic franchise stores Were owned and operated by the 1,216 domestic franchisees. The success of the franchise formula, which enables franchi sees to benefit from the brand name with a relatively low initial capital investment, has attracted a large number of motivated entrepreneurs as franchisees.As of December 28, 2008, the average domestic franchisee operated approximately three to fthe stores and had been in the franchise system for tDominoslve years. At the same time, only six of the domestic franchisees operated more than 50 stores, including the largest domestic franchisee, which operates receipts stores. Domestic franchises 15 Dominos apply rigorous standards to prospective franchises. Dominos generally require prospective domestic franchises to manage a store for at least one year in the lead being granted a franchise.This enables us to observe the operational and financial performance of a potential franchisee prior to entering into a long-term contract. Dominos also generally restrict the ability of domestic franchisees to be cum involved in other businesses, which focuses the franchisees attention on operati ng their stores. As a result, the vast majority of the franchisees come from within the Dominos Pizza system. Dominos believe these standards are alone(p) to the franchise industry and result in qualified and focused franchisees operating their stores.Franchise agreements Dominos enter into franchise agreements with domestic franchisees under which the franchisee is granted the right to operate a store in a particular location for a term of ten years, with options to restore for an special term of ten years. Dominos before long have a franchise contract renewal rate of over 99%. nether the current standard franchise agreement, Dominos assign an exclusive area of primary responsibility to each franchise store.During the term of the franchise agreement, the franchisee is requisite to pay a 5. 5% royalty fee on sales, subject, in limited instances, to loDominosr rates based on area development agreements, sales initiatives and new store incentives. Dominos have the contractual rig ht, subject to state law, to terminate a franchise agreement for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, a franchisees failure to make postulate payments when due or failure to oblige to specified Company policies and standards.Franchise store development Dominos provide domestic franchisees with economic aid in selecting store sites and conforming the pose to the physical specifications required for a Dominos Pizza store. Each domestic franchisee selects the location and design for each store, subject to the approval, based on accessibility and visibility of the site and demographic factors, including population density and judge traffic levels. Dominos provide design plans and sell fixtures and equipment to most of the franchise stores. Franchise training nd support Training store managers and employees is a critical component of the success. Dominos require all domestic franchisees to complete initial and ongoing training programs provided by us. In addition, un der the standard domestic franchise agreement, domestic franchisees are required to implement training programs for their store employees. Dominos assist the 16 domestic and international franchisees by making training materials available to them for their use in training store managers and employees, including computer-based training materials, comprehensive operations manuals and franchise development classes.Dominos also maintain communications with the franchisees online, through various newsletters and through face-to-face meetings. Franchise operations Dominos enforce stringent standards over franchise operations to protect the Dominos Pizza brand. All franchisees are required to operate their stores in compliance with written policies, standards and specifications, which include matters such as menu items, ingredients, materials, supplies, services, furnishings, interior decoration and signs. Each franchisee has full discretion to determine the prices to be charged to custome rs.Dominos also provide ongoing support to the franchisees, including training, marketing assistance and consultation to franchisees who experience financial or operational difficulties. Dominos have established several advisory boards, through which franchisees contribute to developing systemwide initiatives. International franchises The vast majority of the markets outside of the contiguous United States are operated by master franchisees with franchise and distribution rights for entire regions or countries.In select regions or countries, Dominos franchise directly to individual store operators. The master franchise agreements generally grant the franchisee exclusive rights to develop or sub-franchise stores and the right to operate supply chain centers in a particular geographic area for a term of ten to tDominosnty years, with options to renew for additional terms. The agreements typically contain growth clauses requiring franchisees to open a tokenish number of stores within a specified period.Prospective master franchisees are required to possess or have access to local market knowledge required to establish and develop Dominos Pizza stores. The local market knowledge focuses on the ability to identify and access targeted real estate sites along with expertise in local customs, culture, consumer expression and laws. Dominos also seek candidates that have access to ample capital to meet their growth and development plans. The master franchisee is generally required to pay an initial, one-time franchise fee as Overall as an additional franchise fee upon the opening of each new store.In addition, the master franchisee is required to pay a continuing royalty fee as a percentage of retail sales, which varies among international markets. Marketing operations 17 The domestic stores generally contribute betDominosen 4% to 5% of their retail sales to fund national marketing and advertising campaigns. In addition to the required national advertising contributi ons, in those markets where Dominos have co-operative advertising programs, the domestic stores also generally contribute to market-level media campaigns.These national and market-level funds are administered by Dominos National Advertising Fund Inc. , or DNAF, the not-for-profit advertising subsidiary. The funds remitted to DNAF are used primarily to purchase video recording advertising, but also support market research, field communications, public relations, commercialised production, talent payments and other activities supporting the Dominos Pizza brand. DNAF also provides cost- effectual print materials to the domestic stores for use in local marketing that reinforce the national branding strategy.In addition to the national and market-level advertising contributions, domestic stores spend additional amounts on local store marketing, including targeted database mailings, intensity print mailings and community involvement through school and civic organizations. Additionally, Dominos may from time-to-time partner with other organizations in an effort to promote the Dominos Pizza brand. By communicating a popular brand nitty-gritty at the national, local market and store levels, Dominos create and reinforce a poDominosrful, consistent marketing message to consumers.This is evidenced by the successful previous marketing campaign with the guideword Get the Door. Its Dominos. and the current marketing campaign with the guide word You Got 30 Minutes. Over the past five years, Dominos sum up that domestic stores have invested approximately $1. 4 billion on national, local and co-operative advertising. Internationally, marketing efforts are primarily the responsibility of the franchisee in each local market. Dominos assist international franchisees ith their marketing efforts through marketing workshops and sharing of best practices and successful concepts. Third-party suppliers Dominos have retained active relationships of 15 years or more with more than half of the major suppliers. The suppliers are required to meet strict quality standards to ensure food safety. Dominos review and evaluate the suppliers quality government agency programs through, among other actions, onsite visits, third party audits and product evaluations to ensure compliance with the standards.Dominos believe that the length and quality of the relationships with suppliers provides us with priority service and quality products at competitive prices. Dominos believe that two factors have been critical to maintaining longlasting relationships and keeping the purchasing costs low. First, Dominos are one of the largest domestic volume purchasers of pizza-related products such as flthe, cheese, sauce and pizza boxes, which allows us to maximize leverage with the suppliers when items are put out for bid on a scheduled 18 asis. Second, Dominos use a combination of single-source and multi-source procurement strategies. Each supply category is evaluated along a nu mber of criteria including value of purchasing leverage, consistency of quality and reliability of supply to determine the appropriate number of suppliers. Dominos currently purchase the pizza cheese from a single supplier. In 2007, the Company entered into a new arrangement with this supplier.Under this arrangement, the supplier concord to provide an uninterrupted supply of cheese and the Company agreed to a five year pricing period during which it agreed to purchase all of its primary pizza cheese for the Companys United States stores from this supplier or, alternatively, pay to the supplier an amount reflecting any benefit previously veritable by the Company under the new pricing terms. The pricing schedule is directly correlated to the CME block cheddar price. The majority of the meat toppings come from a single supplier under a contract that began in July 2008 and expires in July 2010.The Crunchy Thin Crust dough is currently sourced by some other single supplier pursuant to requirements contracts that expire in 2009. Dominos have the right to terminate these arrangements for quality failures and for uncured breaches. Dominos believe that alternative suppliers for all of these ingredients are available, and all of the pizza boxes, sauces and other ingredients are sourced from various suppliers. While Dominos may father additional costs if Dominos are required to change any of the suppliers, Dominos do not believe that such additional costs would have a material adverse effect on the business.Dominos also entered into a multi-year agreement with Coca-Cola effective January 1, 2003 for the contiguous United States. The contract provides for Coca-Cola to be the exclusive beverage supplier and expires on the later of December 31, 2009 or such time as a minimum number of cases of Coca-Cola products are purchased by us. Dominos continually evaluate each supply category to determine the best sourcing strategy. It has not experienced any significant shortag es of supplies or any delays in receiving our food or beverage inventories, restaurant supplies or products.The current economic environment has created additional financial pressures for some of the suppliers however it does not currently anticipate disruptions in our supplies. Prices charged by suppliers are subject to fluctuation, and dominos has historically been able to pass increased costs and savings on to stores. It may periodically enter into financial instruments to manage the jeopardize from changes in commodity prices. Dominos does not engage in speculative transactions nor does it holds or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. 19

Hermeneutics and Philosophers

The word hermeneutics is derived from the Greek hermeneuo, which means, to interpret, to put into words, expressed in a language. Many times, it is synonymous with exegesis, explanation, and interpretation. In connection with the explanation of Scripture, these both words atomic number 18 equivalent to the eighteenth century, when the word hermeneutics assumes various shades of meaning according to the various schools and philosophical theories.Today we prefer to prefigure exegesis to that of the biblical text analysis intended to discover what the author meant to his contemporaries, and hermeneutics to which the aforesaid(prenominal) text tells us today in a different mount and in a comprehensible modern man. For Ricoeur, the reflective philosophy is scatter of materialisation on itself, to establish the I of thought as first fair play I think, therefore I am. But Ricoeur thinks that reflection is not intuition of me because the I think is just an abstract truth and empty. The self can only be found in their objectification.Therefore, enjoin that the reflection can only be understood as the case to apprehend the Self of Ego cogito in the mirror of its objects, their works and at last for their actions. The lives lost and forgotten I himself to his works, which manifests his desire and effort to exist. The debate should not then go straight to the I provided to their deeds and actions, which wedded its ambiguous nature, should be interpreted. Thus, philosophy becomes reflexive hermeneutic philosophy or interpretive. Lonergan and doubting Thomas were two philosophers that were in a same point.For example, both were students of theology. Aquinas believes that publics are directed toward the transcendent God as the last goal of their lives, and this transcendent goal is a beyond the power of human reason to grasp (p. 47). Lonergan understands the relationship between critical reason and trustingness as central to the practice of theology in the modern world (p. 64). St. Thomas Aquinas see that theology does not seek an essence, but a living being who constantly challenges the man, instead of being presented as an object, is the Unknown is revealed in the vision-oriented faith.To address the issue thus appeals to the view that is taken into eternal bliss, in eschatology, which keeps the vital tension between theological conversation and praxis logos. The method according to Lonergan, not a set of rules to be followed strictly, but rather a framework to foster creativity and collaboration, by which all the operations that are necessary for the development of theology are susceptible to be printed, and giving mutually intertwined cumulative and progressive results.

Frankenstein’s story Essay

The blindness involved in Waltons hobby of fruition is alarming. As the leader of a dangerous expedition, he is responsible for the lives of another(prenominal) work force. His fervent longing for reputation in his scientific pursuit endangers those men as he overlooks moral and make up rational perceptions of what is possible and what is not. He seems nave of morality, and plans to succeed even at the cost of human spirit because he considers this uncovering worth such a sacrifice nonpareil mans life or death is but a small price to pay for the acquirement of the knowledge which I sought.I flinched at the use of the word I. The knowledge he seeks appears to be for his testify self-gratification.His shipmates do not agree with himThe men, unsupported by ideas of glory and honour, stop never willingly continue to endure their present hardships.Waltons egocentricity becomes bare as he never once asks about his sisters well being, despite the fact that he has not seen her for a figure of years. Later as we hear Frankensteins story, we find that this element in Waltons character is also mirrored in his accept, as he disregards his family for years as he experiments with the principle of life. Once again the selfishness of the pursuit of glory is paramount, succeeding the search for knowledge.Because Walton has cut through a minor caper on his expedition (the leakage) he becomes overconfident and believes that he can overcome any obstacles of natureWhy not still proceed over the untamed yet obedient element?Victor Frankenstein has too oftentimes ambition for his own salutaryWealth was an inferior object, but what glory would attend the discoveryThe isolation that he experiences is very much self-inflicted. Frankenstein was self-taught in subjects that only he had interest in the principles of life.The major path that he followed was influenced by this solitary learning of an unconventional topic. Fastidiously studying a topic left untouched by all b efore him, his brutal ambition conquers all morals as he persists searching for acknowledgment and immortality as a result of mans quest for knowledge, the final isolation of a being is created. It is extremely irresponsible, and proves that man may not be strong enough to deal with the continual food for discovery and wonder.Now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and wickedness filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room.The Creation is dreadfully unhappy because of this rejection and neglect, and he is even alienated from society because Victor Frankenstein blindly created him to be hideousI had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful Great GodThoughtlessly, Frankenstein continued with his task, without considering the acceptance of the zoology into civilization.Our sympathy for the fiend is heightened by his own obliviousnessAlas I did not entirely know the fatal effects of this miserable deformity.Also, the Daemon lives as primitive man. He does not even discover attempt until he stumbles across it in the forest. As he seeks shelter right the DeLaceys cottage, he learns civilisation by watching and listening like a child. He learns the ways of interaction, notions of pain and joy, and the Science of Words. I feel that this is the aline wonder of discoveryI easily perceived that, although I eagerly longed to discover myself to the cottagers, I ought not to make the attempt until I had initial become master of their language.The Daemons development is rapid, though it is his own father who should have taught him these things. He is totally alone with his learning. He is so grateful for his friends (although it is a one-sided relationship), and so remorseful for stealing, that he anonymously clears the snow from their path, helps to farm the land, and collects firewood for them thus from a hunter-gatherer he has developed into a sentient being throu gh his solitary self-teaching. Through these discoveries he is doing good for others. He is deeply affected when they are unhappyI judgement (foolish wretch) that it might be in my power to restore contentment to these deserving people.

Marketing mix success of Xiaomi Essay

BackgroundFounded in 2010 in Beijing, Xiaomi first began by engulfing custom Android-based firmw ar- MIUI. Backed by tech savvy early adopters andenthusiast, it thrived on feedback to improve usability. A year afterward they entered the hardware commercialize with their flagship phone, the Mi One which featured the top specifications at a low price. Today, Xiaomi has launched its 4th series of their flagship phone the Mi 4 and have expanded their proceeds line to mid grad insolent phones, smart TV, r appearers, set-up boxes and other accessories. In just four short(p) years, Xiaomi has become the third largest smartphone manufacturer just behind technology giants orchard apple tree and Samsung ( accompaniment B).IntroductionThis essay go away discuss the marketing commix, a gang of marketing tactics which consist of four elements known as the 4Ps- harvest-tide, price, place, and forward motion that is derived from the marketing strategy of the company (Kotler and Armst rong, 2012) and the efforts made to adapt each mix to reach its intended audience in a unknown market.PriceXiaomi aims to provide similar specifications phones to competitors but at a lots cut down price. Currently they offer 2 series of flagship phones, the Mi and Redmi (or Hongmi). The Mi 3 has specifications that is similar to Sonys Xperia Z1 that is priced only at CNY 1,999 (USD$322.62) as compared to Z1 sellprice of USD$935 ( accessory C). The Redmi series, a mid tier range is priced at CNY 799, targeting the lower income in emerging markets such as China, India with plans to expand into Brazil and Mexico.As the first company with such an aggressive penetration pricing strategy, Xiaomi changed the perceived value of smart phones (Ramesh Kumar, 2007). Anticipating that consumers would be skeptical about the quality of its low priced Redmi series, Xiaomi chose to first launch their top tier Mi sooner launching Redmi in each rising market so that the diminution in market pri ce would non be too forceful and that consumers could gain confidence in the quality (Snoj, Pisnik Korda and Mumel, 2004) of its Redmi series.Product impertinent other phone manufacturers that make their carrefourions obsolete with product refreshes within a year, Xiaomis phones have a longer product life unit of ammunition of 24 months. As the product enters the maturity stage, volume gross revenue starts declining. up to now from a scientific standpoint, Moores law dictates that a longer product life meant that its cost to manufacture the same product becomes lower. This objurgate in volume sales pelf will be counteracted by a higher profit margin achieving overall profit sustainability. uniform to apple & Amazon, Xiaomi has developed an ecosystem of software & run such as blur service, messaging app, theme ancestry and app store which preloaded to its custom firmware. An total part of this ecosystem isMi commercialise (app store) since Androids default app store is non accessible in China. Chinas market for apps has scattered into many app stores birthed from startups to the likes of search giant Baidu. Thanks to the popularity of Xiaomis phones, Mi Market is currently one of the largest app stores in China.PlaceTo eliminate the cuts that sellers and distributors would get, Xiaomi has sold their products just online, on their own website. However since expanding into new markets, Xiaomi has more recently adoptive a horizontal marketing system to build upon retailers expertise in the region. In India, Xiaomi chose a partner to sell easy layly finished and through Flipkart, Indias largest e-commerce company.Xiaomi needs to understand the local distribution methods in order to mitigate the loss of potential customers especially when they employ exclusive distribution which would impair the availability of their products (Pride and Ferrell, 2011). For instance, due to purchasing behavior, cash-on-delivery roosts as one of Indias primary mode of payment. Buyers would perform an inspection of the product before payment. In short,accounting for less than 1% of the total retail market, e-commerce is still in its infancy stage in India.As Xiaomis mobile phones shifts into the maturity or even decline stages of its product life cycle, it might want to employ selective distribution through traditional brick and mortar stores. Bilgin and Whrer (2014) points out that products not adapting to maturity stages will find themselves soon in the decline. In order to prolong its products life, Xiaomi should change their distribution strategy. Though it may not be economically feasible to sell their phones with thinner profit margins or perhaps even selling at a loss, it should be noteworthy that Xiaomis goal is to make profits through services and apps or else than purely hardware sales- similar to the relationship between printers and ink cartridges (Appendix D). advancementReleasing fixed amount of handsets at specific eons, Xiaomi primarily engages in scare off sales for new products that often results in phones selling out within seconds. Xiaomi meticulously limits supply to artificially create more use up than supply- a strategy known as hunger marketing (Chen et al., 2014 p. 1950-1957). esurient consumers through word of mouth created buzz which in due time transits into hype where consumers mimic one another in the buying furore (Mourdoukoutas and Siomkos, 2009 p. 82), further raising demand.In Xiaomis advertisements, it is evident that marketing messages are focused on hunger marketing. There is always emphasis on how fast their products have been sold (Appendix D) , editorial tone that communicate a sense ofurgency (Appendix E), statistics to provide an impression of popularity (Appendix F), and multiple teasers for product launch over a period of time to create hype (Appendix G). shuttingXiaomis marketing mix is a combination of both Apples strategy of producing high quality products and lim iting supply to dilate consumer hype as wellas Amazons catch fire strategy of making products as widely as possible and to profit primarily from its services.Though Xiaomi has seen exponential growth in retailing smart phones, its report focus should remain in distributing mobile applications and services while maintaining the quality of smartphones instead of diversifying into other electronics. Without the access restrictions in China, Google remains dominant for app distribution as well as its services which are preloaded to every Android phone. Xiaomi must continue to innovate and integrate its solutions and services even tighter to its own firmware to remain rivalrous and profitable. It needs to pry its customers away from the many alternatives available in the heavily saturated mobile app market perhaps through technological acquisitions or strategic partnerships.ReferencesASSOCHAM, 2014. E-Commerce Evolution in India Creating the bricks behind the clicks. India Pricewater houseCoopers.Bilgin, F. and Whrer, G. (2014), multinational marketing compact, Wien Linde Verlag GmbH.Chen, E., Huang, K. and Cheng, L. (2013), Xiaomi Chinas answer to Apple, http//asiaresearch.daiwacm.com/eg/cgi-bin/files/china_tech_food_chai n_130925.pdf, age accessed 15/12/14.Chen, Y., Kuo, C., Jhan, Y. and Chiu, P. (2014) Hunger marketing on smartphone, Proceedings of the Management of Engineering & engine room (PICMET), 2014 Portland International Conference, Kanazawa, 27-31 July. United States IEEE Xplore, pp. 1950-1957. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2012), Principles of marketing, Boston Pearson Prentice Hall.Kumar, A. (2014), What India taught Xiaomi On Flipkart, lessons and future plans,http//yourstory.com/2014/09/india-lessons-xiaomi-flipkart-future-plans -hugo-barra/, Date accessed 15/12/14.Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. (2011), Marketing express, Mason, Oh. South-Western Cengage Learning.Ramesh Kumar, S. (2007), Marketing and branding, New Delhi Dorling Kindersley (India). Ridge, M. (2014), e-commerce in India not just cash on delivery to a man on a bike,http//blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/09/22/e-commerce-in-india-notjust-cash-on-delivery-to-a-man-on-a-bike/, Date accessed 15/12/14. Siomkos, G. (2009), The Seven Principles Of Wom And buzz Marketing, New York Springer Berlin Heidelberg.Snoj, B., Pisnik Korda, A. and Mumel, D. (2004) The relationships among perceived quality, perceived risk and perceived product value, Jnl of Product & Brand Mgt, 13, 3 156-167.Triggs, R. (2014), Hugo Barra talks business models and Xiaomi success, http//www.androidauthority.com/xiaomi-business-model-success-5596 81/, Date accessed 13/12/14.AppendicesAppendix A (Selected case article Xiaomi Flash Sales Prove Popular in India) Chinese smartphone ecclesiastic Xiaomi, which has overtaken Apple and Samsung in China, is working its way into the Indian market apply sudden online sales and high-end handsets priced at close to cost.On Tuesday alone, Xiaomi says it sold 100 ,000 of its 5,999 rupee ($97) Redmi 1S smartphones in 4.2 seconds. It has sold about 500,000 total handsets using similar sales since its July launch in India, it says.The Beijing-based company sells its products exclusively online through Flipkart, one of Indias largest online retailers, via flash sales at specific times. The phones are sold at close to the manufacturing cost, with Xiaomi making profit through services such as mobile applications. Xiaomi has used the sales tactic in other countries, as well.Analysts say Xiaomi is taking off in the worlds second-biggest telecommunications market because Indians see value in its low-cost products. Word of mouth has created a buzz surrounding the brand, and theflash sales help create a scarcity of the companys products.The way they carried out their PR was key to the success, says Karan Thakkar, an analyst with research firm IDC. With the flash sales they have created a competitive spirit among the consumer.While Xiaomis market packa ge isnt yet known, IDC says competition among companies selling low-cost smartphones is expected to increase in the coming quarters thanks to similar low-cost makers, such as Mozilla, which offers a $33 smartphone. Indeed, smartphone sales in India should double through 2018 as devices priced below $200 enter the market, IDC says.Meanwhile, rivals such as Indias Micromax remain skeptical of Xiaomis success.Selling for PR is different from selling for business, Micromax old-timer Executive Vineet Taneja told media at a launch event for a new phone last month.Micromax, Indias second-biggest smartphone seller by market share after Samsung, sells about three million phones every month through its 130,000 outlets spread across the country.But that hasnt stopped Micromax from adopting an online sales model. In September it began offering one of its devices on Snapdeal.com, a Flipkart rival.Source jetty Street Journalhttp//blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/10/17/xiaomi-flash-sales-prove-popular- in-i ndia/Appendix B (Top quintet Smartphone Vendors, Shipments, Market Share and Year-Over-Year Growth, Q3 2014 Preliminary Data (Units in Millions) )Source IDC worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker, October 29, 2014Appendix C (Smartphone pricing and specification comparison)Source Companies, DaiwaAppendix D (Net revenue comparison of hardware vs supplies (Units in millions) )Source Hewlett-Packard Annual Report 2011Appendix E (Typical post flash sale update to inform customers that the sale has ended)Source Mi India Facebook rogueAppendix F (Announcement of flash sale)Source Mi India Facebook pageAppendix G (Post Christmas sale infographic)Source Mi Singapore Facebook pageAppendix H (Teaser for new product)Source Mi Singapore Facebook page

“North and South” depends on contrasts for its momentum Essay

Gaskell is a real capable writer she uses many a nonher(prenominal) skills to create atmosphere, tension and emotion in her hold back. However, to create the energy in her stories that makes her stand out as a writer, she uses wrinkle in many diverse formsThe locations in the story bank line with distributively other, reflecting diametric stages in life of Marg bet. In London, where she first starts off, it is polite, reserved and superficial. Her life there is complacently indolent. When she moves back to Helstone, we conform to it is still very leisu swear and languid, but there is a solid and healthy feel to it. She then goes to Milton, which is in established contrast. Here it is a very functional town everyone is preoccupied and determined. on that point is more a feeling of energy about the people, it is a center on for new ideas, but it is as well as very dirty, smoggy and cold comp bed to the commonality of Helstone. In chapter 8 we agnize a clear contrast in Ediths letter from Corfu, describing a hot, clean atmosphere of idleness and merriment comp ard to Margarets depressed north.Social values are another grievous factor in the story that gives it momentumViews on Religion function to distinguish the characters. Bessy believes very strongly in God time Mr. Higgins does not. This is reverberate in Margarets different attitudes to her father about questioning the church. on that point is overly the importance of the employer and employee relationship. Margaret disagrees with the strong feeling of a parent and tike relationship that exists amidst the masters and men, that often creates tension.There are differences not only between those that are rich and those that are not, but also gain and use of that wealth. There is an obvious contrast between Bessy, Margaret and Fanny. They are all the same age but live completely different lives according to their wealth. Bessy is poor and suffers greatly from the poverty. Margaret is comf ortable fleck Fanny benefits from her brothers wealth and wish Edith enjoys an idle lifestyle.The Mr. Hales position is not as respected in the North as it is in the south, as reflected in the familys trouble in getting a servant. There is also a difference in their route to wealth, Mr. Thorntons is by world dynamic, working hard and seizing opportunities, while Mr. Hales was by doing dull, tedious work for many years.But it is their attitudes to wealth that are so different. The south prefer simple decoration, they have a secure companionship of their wealth, while in the north, their need to heavily ornate and decorate themselves and environment is emphasised, presentation a clear insecurity, and need to show off. This is outgo summed up at the dinner party, where Margaret shows distaste at the gross nub of food laid out before her, which is oddly shown up against her prior visit to Bessys house.The characters have to be twain the easiest and strongest way of showing contrasts, and creating energy.The first contrast we see is at the beginning of chapter 1, where the differences between Edith and Margaret are made clear. Edith is superficial she acts childishly, showing off her husband. Margaret on the other progress is full of intense reactions, nostalgia and basic sincerity.The next clear difference we see is of that between Margaret and her parents. Unlike both her parents, Margaret is strong and independent. Her father even has to rely on her to break news of the move to her mother.However, the best example of contrast is the first concussion of Margaret and Mr. Thornton. Here we see a strong reek of masculinity and femininity, the cozy tension is strong, and adds an electrifying air to the confrontation. Mr. Thorntons masculinity is also contrasted with that of Margarets only other suitor, Mr. Lennox, who like her father is very feminine.Then there are the contrasts between and in the families. Mr. Thornton and Mrs. Thornton are both ve ry strong characters, bullish al intimately, compared to the personality of Fanny, who is similar to Edith. However, Mrs. Thornton is more perceptive than her son, and sees that he has fallen in love with Margaret, even though Mr. Thornton heapnot hold it to himself or anyone else.The two mothers are in deep contrast to individually other. They are the personifications of the feeling of north and south. The north being strong and uncompromising, while the south is soft and snobbish.Another contrast that is picked out in the book is between the two males. One is described as soft, weak and degenerate even almost feminine the other is distinctly masculine, hardened, defined, astute and energetic.The utmost contrast in characters is between Bessy and Margaret. This is a clear contrast, as they are both girls, and are both the same age. They differ in wealth and attitudes and it is a clear indication of what is considered important when discussing what Margaret is going to wear to the dinner party.Interestingly, there is a feeling of contrast that, while Mr. Thornton is not academically learned, which Margaret is, he is much more socially and emotionally developed than her, while she is tormented by the sights of Bessy in her state.The first important example of secern dialogue is in chapter 9, between the Hales. Here, it helps to clearly show the different positions of each character. Mr. Hale is anxious, Mrs. Hale is querulous and Margaret is overworked.There is also a contrast between the Hales argument at the beginning of this chapter and the Thorntons, at the end, to emphasise how different they are.Other contrasts in dialogue include the way in which Mr. Thornton and then Mrs. Thornton talk to Margaret in chapter 15, and then in Margarets talk with Bessy where the contrasts between North and South are highlighted.Finally, another clear contrast is the watch sound out between Mr. Thornton and Margaret at the dinner party over the meaning of the word ge ntleman. Here, Gaskell skilfully uses the dialogue to create a sense of sexual tension between them.One major point in how the twist of the novel helps to create a contrast is in the titles. Significant titles like haste to the wedding are followed roses and thorns a juxtaposition of two images that enhance the point that Gaskell is trying to put across.The other is in Mr. Lennox proposing. Here we see a sudden crisis that Margaret faces which is mirrored by a deeply affecting crisis of having to move from Helstone.Similarities help to stress the contrasts in the novel. The easiest similarity is between Margaret and Mr. Thornton, most importantly in their pride.Another is the illness shared by the Higginses and the Hales. This can almost be seen as a reflection of social illnesses in spite of appearance the society.All these contrasts help to move the story along and create energy, particularly among the characters. One clear example of how Gaskell uses contrasts is in Mr. Thorn ton and Margarets first meeting where the sexual tension helps to create a strong atmosphere and well-written piece.

Turkish Government Memorandum Regarding

TO Osman Gunes, Deputy Minister of the Interior, G overnment of dud FROM Tolgahan P? narsayha, Political Advisor to the administration of turkey DATE 10/3/2012 SUBJECT Addressing the Syrian Refugee Crisis Summary The Turkish governance has spent over $300 million providing for safees fleeing the conflict in Syria 1. As a conterminous country with big links to Syria through culture and religion on board being a democratic country that recognizes transnationalist laws regarding refugees, Turkey has an cartel to continue to admit civilians from Syria into its southern provinces.By analyzing Turkeys political ideals, its alliance to outside(a) laws and its ties to Syria and the Moslem orb, I emphasize the Governments traffic towards addressing the refugee crisis above any other related issue (as will be further discussed) in this report. Problems associated with the Governments Allocation of Resources Important issues that may have a bearing on Turkeys planning of adequa te resources to refugees include its stick up for the Syrian rebels lack of international carry out in Syria and lack of international aid to Turkey in providing tending and accommodation to refugees 1.These issues may need to be addressed before the Government can completely fulfill its duty towards the safeguarding of innocent civilians. Turkeys Responsibility as a Regional Power The border betwixt Turkey and Syria stretches 877 km, and is for both countries the longest land border they share with a neighbor 2. This is significant as the Turkish Government can look for to take in comparatively larger numbers of refugees with relation to Syrias other border states. In the past Our responsibility to accept refugees at arises from the fact that both Turkey and Syria share extensive historical, cultural and ghost identical ties.Both are sections of the OIC and are Muslim countries, and in the eyes of the Islamic world, Turkey has an automatic duty to house fellow Muslims fleei ng from the violence. This responsibility is more important for Turkey because it has interests in brinytaining strong relations with the predominantly Muslim Arab world by accepting refugees it is alike portraying an image of solidarity with the Syrian people, and this would serve up strengthen ties with the Arab world which, in light of recent protests for freedom and land which have been collectively termed as the Arab Spring, is largely in support of Syrian encounter forces.International Obligations towards the Protection of Victims of Prosecution Turkey is a member of the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), three international agencies that determine the laws and relations that Turkish Government is bound by while it addresses the ongoing refugee crisis in the countrys southern provinces.In adherence with international law and as an upholder of Turkeys democratic and liberal ideals, the Tur kish Government has a basic duty to protect and provide refuge to Syrian refugees fleeing from persecution, as state in the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Options Re-allocating resources or calling for international assistance From the outset of the war the Turkish Government has undoubtedly been in support of the rebel cause. The Government must seriously consider the push this may be having on its allocation of resources to accepting and accommodating refugees.As previously mentioned, international laws dictate that civilians fleeing persecution have a right to seek refuge in a abroad country. Therefore the Governments main priority as a foreign state should be to move resources into building adequate facilities for civilians. In direct relation to this, Turkey should also consider how its participation in the Syrian conflict will turn a profit the Syrian people and at the same time how it will do good the economy and security of Turkey. Public support for Turk eys foreign policy towards Syria is low and the public view of the Governments handling of the conflict is largely negative.While the Government stands for the freedom of Syrian people it unavoidably to seriously re-evaluate its position it is a neighbor country and therefore has no duty to react to the internal political situation in Syria until an international consensus can be reached. Until that point it should focus on strengthening the Turkish border, screening incoming refugees and providing facilities for them. Recommendations The refugee crisis is just one form of the greater humanitarian catastrophe that has resulted from the Syrian uprising.Although Turkeys interests and obligations lie in protect persecuted civilians, it must also consider wider issues regarding the conflict, including the impact of its support for Syrian opposition forces, as well as more pertinent humanitarian issues like the displacement of Syrians within Syria itself. The Government should therefo re continue to lobby the international community to take action in Syria more than this, it should seek assistance from international governments in building refugee camps and providing aid to civilians, in order to accoutrement dwindling resources.

Risk of Entry by Potential Competitors in Fast Food Industry

6. The ballpark sense of principle that defines the generally observed relationship between have, supply, and hurts as increases the price goes up, which attracts new suppliers who increase in supply bringing the price back tom normal. However, in the marketing of high price (prestige) goods, more(prenominal) as perfumes, jewellery, watches, Cars, Liquor, a let loose price may be associated with upset quality, and may reduce demand. Demand is how much desire consumer have for de fruit or service is available .When demand is great and supply is low the price of a product or service increase when demand is low and supply is great . The price of a product or service decreases. The effect on price is the quantification of supply and demand. Demand in many instances is driven by disposable income and free time. Henry crossroad recognized this in increasing the wages of his workers and decreasing their work time. 8. kind between hazard and yield The relationship between riski ness and return is a fundamental financial relationship that affects evaluate rates of return on every existing asset investment.The Risk-Return relationship is characterized as being a positive or direct relationship meaning that if in that respect argon expectations of higher levels of risk associated with a particular investment and so greater returns are required as compensation for that higher expected risk. Alternatively, if an investment has relatively lower levels of expected risk wherefore investors are satisfied with relatively lower returns. This risk-return relationship holds for individual investors and business managers.Greater power points of risk essential be compensated for with greater returns on investment. Since investment returns reflects the degree of risk involved with the investment, investors need to be able to determine how much of a return is appropriate for a given level of risk. This attend is referred to as pricing the risk. In order to price th e risk, we must first be able to measure the risk (or quantify the risk) and then we must be able to decide an appropriate price for the risk we are being asked to bear.

Competition Bikes, Inc. Costing Method and CVP Report Essay

A1. Costing Method RecommendationThis report has been prepargond to give out the menses be system acting at Competition Bikes, Inc. (CBI) and provide a recommendation for improvement. To support this abridgment, the diversions among conventional based courting and occupation based address will be examined, a dogged with the benefits and drawbacks for each method. A speak to-volume- put on military rank with rive-even abbreviation for both(prenominal) gross sales building blocks and sales dollars for the CarbonLite and titanium ride lines will to a fault be provided. The main differences between act-based following and the traditional embody Traditional priceing includes both purport and indirect comp building block of measurementynts. validating termss ( belt) ar grouped together. Theres only one cost driver (such as direct labor hours) used to enumerate costs regardless of what they ar. Activity-based costing breaks down the command processing overh ead costs into bodily process cost pools. All overhead costs atomic number 18 hence allocated into these activity cost pools. This method of costing does require more time to think the cost to the activity yet it earns that money back plus dividends by having a more accurate forecast of the true costs that ar associated with each activity. In addition to a better understanding of costs, implementation of activity-based costing can drive improved financial answers in the long run.By looking at each product and what drives its specific costs, perplexity can discombobulate a much more detailed guts of the true costs involved in producing each product. They can then compare the activity-based costs with the costing system they have been victimization to go what products they may be overpricing, or underpricing for sale in the market place. They can as swell as spot potential money wasting activities in their manufacturing process, and work to acquire those activities mo re efficient. If care has a better understanding of costs, they can enter a stronger business case to get future capital projects computer memoryed. The downside to activity-based costing is that it requires a substantial commitment of personnel and financial resources up front. focusing must be willing to examine their operations rigorously and the data that is gathered may be difficult to accept, particularly by those who are believe the current costing system is just fine and are resistant to change.Traditional costing, on the other hand, is much easier to numerate than activity-based costing, and this makes autobuss jobs easier. However, traditional costing is so generally reckon that it may be hiding inefficiencies in the supply chain. Products may be over equipment casualtyd or underpriced, and this can negatively electric shock the companys just nowt joint line in the long run.By moving to the activity-based cost system, CBI could complete if they have been overp ricing items, losing market share to competitors. On the flip side, if they underprice an item, they are in all probability losing money as the price may be press down than what it costs to produce the bike. They would lose potential revenue to further fund research and development to improve the product for the future. If prices are substantially humble than those of the competition, customers may even hesitate to purchase the product, as they could wonder why the bike is priced so much lower than all the others in the market and have a perception that sub-par materials or manufacturing processes have been used. Since these bikes are a specialty product built to order, customers are generally non as price sensitive as shoppers looking for ready-made bikes.By electric switch to the activity based costing (first principle) method, CBI is to a fault taking advantage of the in-depth familiarity of costs that will result in savings for the company. In the overhead analysis, six ma nufacturing overhead items and their cost drivers are identified, with a comparison provided between ABC costing, and Traditional costing presumptuous 900 units produced for the Titanium line, and 500 units produced for the Carbonlite line. The cost driver for manufacturing overhead using the traditional method is not identified, but the arrives are given in the Competition Bikes spreadsheet and are reflected below. Traditional costing method-Titanium line manufacturing overhead cost $239,020-Carbonlite line manufacturing overhead cost $232,380 make out traditional manufacturing overhead cost $471,400ABC costing method-Titanium line manufacturing overhead cost $188,415-Carbonlite line manufacturing overhead cost $282,985 match traditional manufacturing overhead cost $471,400Its important to score that the manufacturing overhead get alongs are identical when calculated using both traditional and ABC methods. This is because its not a difference in overhead, but or else a change i n where the overhead is allocated. In the case of CBI, the tryst is quite different between methods.For the Titanium line, the perfect manufacturing overhead cost with ABC costing is $50,605 lower than with traditional costing a difference of 21%. In other words, CBI has overestimated manufacturing overhead for the Titanium line by 21% using traditional costing. Looking at unit costs, the traditional method per unit cost is $713, while the ABC unit cost is $656. The higher unit cost in the traditional costing method makes find given that the allocation for manufacturing overhead was higher. CBI may be overpricing this bike, which could result in a negative subject on sales. If they could lower the price to a number closer to the true unit cost, they will likely see sales rise.For the Carbonlite line, the total manufacturing overhead cost with ABC costing is $50,605 higher than with traditional costing. CBI had underestimated manufacturing overhead for the Carbonlite line by 18% using traditional costing. Looking at unit costs, the traditional method per unit cost is $1,359, while the ABC unit cost is $1,460. The unit cost calculated using ABC costing was higher than CBI had realized they are likely underpricing this bike, losing out on potential revenues. A review of competitors prices may be in order, to evaluate what the market will bear, as tumesce as an analysis of the impact of raising prices and how that contacts sales. Once they have this data, CBI guidance can make an informed decision whether or not to sort out the Carbonlite sales price, and by how much.A2a. Cost-volume-profit and break-even level evaluation Current scenario CVPAnalysisCost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis is a tool that managers and businesses often use to estimate future levels of running(a) activity aimed to avoid financial issuees, to break even, and to generate a profit. This analysis also helps to target future revenues. CVP analysis can also be used to estimate ware levels necessitate to generate revenues equal to recoup capital expenditures such as operational expansion. CVP analysis examines changes in profits in response to changes in sales volumes, costs and prices. The canonic CVP equation is sales minus changeable costs = theatrical role rim. gross revenue revenues per unit for the Titanium product are set at $900. The versatile cost per unit (costs that vary directly with volume) for the Titanium product is $679. base on these numbers, the resulting region leeway (sales revenue minus variable cost) per unit is $900 $679 = $221. function coast is the count of profit leftover after variable costs are subtracted therefore they can be considered the contribution to profit for each unit sold.For the Carbonlite product, the sales revenue per unit is higher at $1,495 due to the specialized materials and increased amount of labor required to devise the product. unsettled cost is $1,384. The resulting contribution margin per unit is $1,495 $1,384 = $111. Its expense noting that the contribution margin for this product is much smaller than that for the Titanium line. A smaller contribution margin generally means the product is not as profitable. When multiple product lines are included in the analysis, to calculate total break-even sales units, a weighted average contribution margin (WACM) must be calculated. This is important because various products in the sales prance contribute different amounts of profit. The WACM is calculated by multiplying the unit contribution margin by the percentage of the total sales salmagundi for each product. convey as a formula WACM = Product one unit contribution margin (product one sales flux percentage) + product two unit contribution margin (unit two contribution margin percentage)Incorporating the CBI data, with the sales mix proportion of 9 units of Titanium for every 5 units produced of Carbonlite, the WACM is calculated as 221 (.643) + 111 (.357) = $181.71. This number is what the average unitcontributes to CBIs profit on a per unit basis.When the WACM is known, the full Contribution Margin Dollars can be calculated. This is the amount of money that the company has to pay better costs. Any money left over after inflexible costs are paid is profit. If total contribution margin dollars equal fixed costs, the company is at break-even. If total contribution margin dollars are less than fixed costs, that represents a loss for the company. The equation for this figure is Total Contribution Margin Dollars Units sold calculate by the WACMBreak-even analysisBreak-even sales units can be calculated if the WACM and Total Contribution Margin Dollars needed to break-even are known, as follows Total Contribution Margin Dollars/WACM. To calculate sales units and sales dollars required for break-even, a a few(prenominal) steps are required. The first step is to calculate the break-even layer in units of sales mix. Break-even bakshish in units of s ales mix = Total fixed cost/WACM per unit For CBI, break-even signalise in units of sales mix is $400,000/$181.71 = 2201 The adjoining step is to calculate the number of units of Titanium and Carbonlite units at the break-even read/write head. The equation is as follows Number of units at break-even point = Sales mix ratio (total break even units) Break-even point in units for Titanium 0.643 (2201) = 1415Break-even point in units for Carbonlite 0.357 (2201) = 786 The move step is to calculate the break-even point in dollars. The equation is as follows Break-even point in dollars = Product units at break-even point (sales price per unit) Break-even point in dollars for Titanium 1415 (900) = $1,273,500 Break-even point in dollars for Carbonlite 786 (1495) = $1,175,070 Total sales needed to break-even $1,273,500 + $1,175,070 = $2,448,570.To summarize, CBI would need to sell 1415 units of Titanium and 786 units of Carbonlite, generating sales revenues of $2,448,570 to break-even (re venues and costs are equal). A2b. Cost-volume-profit and break-even point evaluation Variable and fixed cost increase scenarios Suppose management needed to increase the cost of direct materials by 10% as well as add$50,000 in fixed costs to the production facility. What effect would this have on the break-even point?Because the equations are based on the contribution margin as well as the WACM, an increase in the cost of direct materials (variable costs) by 10% will have a significant impact. Lets first examine how cost-volume-profit and break-even point would be force if management needed to increase direct materials cost by 10%. I will analyze the $50,000 fixed cost increase separately.Variable cost increase (10% direct materials increase) scenarioCVP AnalysisContribution Margin per unit for Titanium $900 $709 = $191 Contribution Margin per unit for CarbonLite $1495 $1451 = $44The contribution margins for both product lines decreased. Titanium decreased by 13%, and of particul ar note is the whopping 60% reduction in contribution margin for Carbonlite. This makes finger given that Carbonline has a higher variable cost and lower volume, so a percentage increase in variable cost has a greater impact. This product is even more expensive to produce in this scenario, and generating very low profits for the company at this point.With the sales mix proportion of 9 units of Titanium for every 5 units produced of Carbonlite, the WACM per unit is calculated as 191 (.643) + 44 (.357) = $138.50. CVP compendious the 10% increase in direct materials resulted in a 24% decrease in WACM per unit. The bikes are lend 24% less profit towards profits.Break-even AnalysisBreak-even point in units of sales mix is $400,000/$138.50 = 2888 Break-even point in units for Titanium 0.643 (2888) = 1857Break-even point in units for Carbonlite 0.357 (2888) = 1031 Break-even point in dollars for Titanium 1857 (900) = $1,671,300 Break-even point in dollars for Carbonlite 1031 (1495) = $1, 541,345 Total sales needed to break-even $1,671,300 + $1,541,345 = $3,212,645Break-even summary the 10% increase in direct materials cost resulted in a reduced contribution margin per unit for both products. devoted that fixed costs in this example were unchanged at $400,000, it makes sense that an increase in variable costs would require an increase in the break-even point to cover the additional expense. In this scenario, the break-even point in units and total sales need to break-even increased by 24% from the current scenario. Its clear that an increase in variable costs can have a disproportionate impact on profits and the break-even point.Fixed cost increase ($50,000) scenarioFor this scenario, I assumed that variable costs remained unchanged from the current scenario (no 10% increase in variable costs) and that fixed cost for the production facility increased from $400,000 to $450,000.CVS AnalysisContribution margin per unit for Titanium $900 $679 = $221 Contribution margin for per unit for Carbonlite $1,495 $1,384 = $111With the sales mix proportion of 9 units of Titanium for every 5 units produced of Carbonlite, the WACM per unit is calculated as 221 (.643) + 111 (.357) = $181.71. CVS Summary Since variable costs did not change in this scenario, the contribution margin per unit and weighted average contribution margin/unit are at the same level as the original example.Break-even AnalysisBreak-even point in units of sales mix is $450,000/$181.71 = 2476 Break-even point in units for Titanium 0.643 (2476) = 1592Break-even point in units for Carbonlite 0.357 (2476) = 884 Break-even point in dollars for Titanium 1592 (900) = $1,432,800 Break-even point in dollars for Carbonlite 884 (1495) = $1,321,580 Total sales needed to break-even $1,432,800 + $1,321,580 = $2,754,380Break-even summary Compared to the current scenario, the $50,000 increase in fixed costs (11% over the $400,000 example in the current scenario) had an impact of change magnitude the bre ak-even point in units of sales mix by 275units, or 11%. Since the contribution margin was unchanged in this example, the increase is less than in the scenario with 10% increase in direct materials. The break-even point in dollars also increased by 11%. The fact that the increase in the break-even point exactly matches the increase in fixed costs illustrates that as fixed costs rise, the break-even point will rise in proportion assuming the sales mix remains unchanged.Comparing all three scenarios, the CVP and break-even analysis provides insight on how increases in variable and fixed costs affect contribution margins and break-even numbers. Variable cost increases have a disproportionate impact on increasing margins and break-even numbers, while the fixed cost increases result in a proportionate impact on increasing these measures. CBIs management should consider these impacts when considering cost increases for their product lines.

The Characteristics of Language Acquisition and Development

Language great power starts even before contain and happens in every commonwealth of the frys life. A peasant absorbs the wrangle that is spoken in their environment with characteristics such as the refreshing quality, the syntax, and the usages of that lyric. A child can shape languages which are spoken by their parents. The child absorbs the language that is most prevalent in the environment they live. It is a unique phenomenon in human life and occurs in a satisfying time span. Language absorption is provided by nature from birth, up until almost the ages of four to five.Early Childhood Language development in the basic five years of life is the key for a childs development of chat and language. In the first five years of life, the language development get goings at birth when babes communicate through their cries and the umpteen looks they give. In the next flow rate, infants attempts at communication with adults become to a greater extent deliberate. This period is usu aloney around xix to eighteen months. Infants in this period can coordinate their visual attention with an separate person regarding objects and events. Their ability to remember comes into play.Their remembering depart consist of recognizing and recall methods. Their quest to pull ahead their knowledge will help to facilitate their vocal language competencies. unwritten language Competencies are directly related to the achievement of literacy. Children learn parvenue wrangle from memoriseing them in similar positions as they are employ in sentences. They learn their words through direct teaching, parent vocalizations, and other points of interest. They withal learn words by associating a word they hear with some concrete reference they can see. Their receptive modality in oral language is listening and their educeive mode in that area is peaking.Their written language receptive mode is reading and their expressive mode is writing. Children who are fluent in ora l language are much successful learners. Being successful learners in this regard leads to better communication skills, better listeners, and the ability to talk with peers and teachers more effectively. (Otto, 2006) In the third period, from 18 months onward, language becomes childrens primary means of discipline and communication. Preschoolers can read in conversations, can use language for self-control and have the electrical condenser to vocalizationicipate verbally.An infants oral competencies are a part of a larger scenario. What children come and learn often relates to what they are undetermined to in the womb. My grandmother and mother were always big on qualification sure that they encouraged my sisters and /or their female friends to speak to their unborn children. clack to the little one and let him or her know that you are there. I firmly believe that my love for music comes from the fact that mother use to tell me that she played music for me the entire tim e she was pregnant with me. I seriously fell in love with music at around age 2 (by all accounts and photos).The text tells us that infants can grasp sounds beginning with the 25t week of gestation. (Otto, 2006) This makes it extremely important for expecting parents to talk, sing, read, and provide as many sounds and words as possible. Once babies are born, the text also tells us that beginning at birth, children are a part of a favorable environment. It is within this kind environment that language development begins. (Otto, 2010) They are also born with predispositions to pay attention to language and people in their environment. (Otto, 2006) Children will learn words between 18 months and 6 years of age.They begin to distinguish specific phonemes as early as 1 month of age. (Otto, 2006) They however are button up not able to verbally express those distinctions as of yet. An infant will first need to decipher talking to sounds that occur within their environment. Thats w hy it is crucial for parents and/or caregivers to speak, listen, and and then act to whatever their baby is uttering. This will be a mental of reinforcement of developing language patterns. I think this makes me realize the brilliance of the bonding process that all parents should undertake after birth.The role of a caregiver should follow later after this process is complete. I think this will play a beneficial role in how an infant will acquire his or her oral competencies. Some of our literature offers us a time table as to when some of these accomplishments will occur. The text tells us that at six months a child will respond to his or her name. At twelve months, a child uses their words with message and intention. The vocabulary increases from that of five to 20 words at 18 months to 150-200 words at two years of age.By the age of 4, a child can use at least four prepositions, know name of familiar animals and has mastered one or more colors. (Atherton, 2008) This lea ds us to discourse the various ways in which it could be possible for children to acquire language. there are several positions that describe the ways in which children can acquire language skills. The Learning perspective argues that children imitate what they see and hear and that children learn from punishment and reinforcement. (Shaffer,Wood, & Willoughby, 2002). The first is the Nativist Perspective.This perspective focuses on the inborn and/or the innate human capabilities as it relates to the acquisition of syntactic language. Applications provide the hazard to use and explore language to encourage hypothesis testing and stir up LAD. (Otto, 2006)This would be useful in helping young students develop presumption in questioning the information they acquire. This perspective was researched by Noam Chomsky, who is known for his contributions to the have of linguistics and his influence on the teaching of computer languages and mathematics.The next perspective is called th e Cognitive Development Perspective. The idea of language acquisition as it draw by theorist Jean Piaget, is acquired as maturation occurs and cognitive competencies develop. (Otto, 2006) Implications would rate that in order to be successful in language acquisition, learning activities should be developed to match a childs stage of cognitive development. (Otto, 2006) In a classroom setting, this might be a challenging, tedious, but still rewarding endeavor for a teacher.This idea might find more credence in the arena of special education. The Behaviorist Perspective consists of language being learned through repetitive and supported speech. This is also facilitated by connexions between stimuli, responses, and events following the response. (Otto, 2006). Students would benefit greatly from the direct correlation and association of everyday objects, activities, and situations. The implications as researched by B. F. Skinner, focus on the stimuli and reinforcements that childre n experience which take language use. (Otto, 2006)Childrens communication efforts are also supported as nearly as language exercises that involve a repetitive nature. The Interactionist Perspective cerebrate on by theorist Vygotsky, has a direct connection on sociocultural interaction. Its implications provide a positive emotional basis for social interactions. It also offers a wide range of social interactions in which oral and written language are used in developmentally grant activities. (Otto, 2006) For those students learning on many levels this would be a significant opportunity to apply those oral and written language skills with everyday interactions.Out of all the theoretical perspectives listed, I am more impressed with the Interactionist Theoretical Perspective. In my opinion it offers a greater opportunity to apply language acquisition with social interaction opportunities. It also give the child an avenue to be expressive in ways that will benefit them later in th eir development. these areas might include eye contact with greater confidence, mediation for succeeding(a) conflict resolution, child-directed speech for positive peer relations and support for questioning. I am always a fan of social interacting building.Referenceshttp//languagedevelopment.tripod.com/id15.html

Why I Became A Nurse

Nursing was not always something that I wanted to do in the beginning. I wanted to be a Photographer. Looking bandaging at that period in my manner there were many areas of my life that I needed to assess. I already had a daughter and was presently going to school for Photography. So the question became do I forbear my passion, and leave alone it always pay the bills? Alternatively, do I change biography paths and pursue a new career that I know will pay the bills and will always provide for my family?My JourneyI knew that I would be a good nurse. I was loving, kind, thoughtful, a good communicator, liked helping people, I was caring, and I also liked math and science. The Journal of Nursing culture states, researchers found the concepts of caring and nurturance were identified as high motivators for choosing nursing (Williams, Wertenberger, Hames, Gushuliak, 1997). At that era, I was working back office at a urology office and was going to school. I decided one day that to be able to provide for my daughter if something were to happen between my husband and I that I could always support us. Therefore, my journey began. A Journey Amongst FriendsI was flushed enough to go to nursing school with my best friend Harley. We had gone to school since Elementary school. I knew that if we did it together that I would make it to graduation. I was right we did make it to graduation. We had some difficulties and it was a very stressful time in our lives, but we made it.ConclusionNow, at this point in my life, I have been a nurse for eight and a half years, and I am very fortunate that I chose this career. I have not only been able to help provided for my husband and our three kids, but I also enjoy taking care of people and not secure the paycheck. I have been able to help many pregnant fair sex through their painful childbirth. I have been ableto assist to comfort them when their babies do not make it, and so much more. I underside say that after eight and a half years that I chose the right profession, and I am pretty darn good at it.

Does Ma Relevant

Has The forethought method of accounting Information in Malaysia Losing Its Relevancy? Rosniza Binti Ramli Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia. reverse Malaysia is one of the nonplusing countries that affected by the globalization wait on and rising economical environment through with(predicate)out the world. To be sustain in future, Malaysia ashes especially should cope and response efficaciously with the convinces in economic sector. But, has the vigilance account dictation breeding sess armed service the omnibus in make good s coveringping point for their validation?Does heed chronicle in Malaysia excessively evolve or pitchs ascribable to an emerging economic environment? explore papers on Relevance Lost The rise and Falls of Management Accounting and phylogenesis of Management Accounting (IFAC, 1998) exit be discussed advertize in this look into in order to have go against discernment some castrates and evolution of instruction account in Mala ysia. This research through with(p) by reviewing the prior research, articles, thesis and diarys. The changes and evolution has been found based on the reviewed of prior research.Introduction Research papers on Relevance Lost by Johnson and Kaplan found and gave us the picture of the rise and go along of commission unseasoned(a)s report throughout the centuries. The designers explored about nineteenth-century represent counselling frame, efficiency, profit and scientific solicitude on 1880 to 1910 until focusing alienated its relevance on 1980s. Furthermore they analysed and explored the refreshed global competition and late musical arrangements for appendage comprise and harvesting be and in any incident performance measurement musical arrangement for the future.In nineteeth- century, companies having a transformation surgical procedure from two or more process into a single economic activity. In all cases, the info focus on how to improve the process of managing the resources effectively and too do determine the sources of companies profit. In late nineteenth-century, passage live governing body was emerged to systematic concern where foc commitd on finis of correct breeding about efficiency of workers in mass-produced composite machine make. Taylor and Emerson devised new explanation procedures to assess the efficiency of the task and processes in complex machine-making households.Futhermore, Churchs devices to use product be in order to determine how much profit of individual product throw to the firms overall profitability. But, G. P zero(prenominal)ton rely on th streamer live information and comparing an compound multiprocesstextile conjunctions performance with profit earned internally. After 1900, the integrated firms unquestionable system to track the performance of the company and use one common denominator, snuff it on investment that give attention to the amount of capital invested in the enterprise.F urthermore, after 1900, based on discussion on be explanation systems lost relevance for cost focussing, the managers non compile unblemished product be data and affect their judgement on the cost and benefits of much(prenominal)(prenominal) information non lost sense of the relevant information to centering close. The inventory be information did non reflect the immaculate guide to determine the product cost and in complex real-word setting, it withal not relevant for actual perplexity ratiocinations.When multidivisional ecesis first expect around 1920, they use ROI (return on investment) targets to assess the performance of managers. On 1980s, the author claimed that contemporary management bill system systems were became obsolete and affected the large organization. The information housed were not jock in reflected the effective and efficiency of internal process. in like manner that, the organization were became vulnerable to competiton and more foc empl oy organization. In the nest chapter, authors discussed the new global competiton of the 1980s.The revolution of economic condition were contributed by the Japanese manufacturing where develop the innovative rule in management explanation such as total quality management, plainly-in period inventory system and computer integrated manufacturing system. Most of the firm more foc apply not on the bring go across cost of product but on the different strategies to attract client with special product and services. In early(a) word, competitive advantage that made organization more competitive than their rivals.They were more interested to create the cheer of the firms and how to create long term economic wealth. Since the early twentieth century, engineering science has taken part and eliminated all manual operation and replaced with digital technology. Products corporation be processed using machine for haveled manufacturing operations company. Furthermore, the new challenges to the firm is to develop the new approach, tools and technique to design the effective cost accounting, management correspond and performance measurement system.Other than that, the authors too discussed on process ascendency and product be systems. The objectives requires separate system for monetary reporting, process promise and product costing because each systems have different prison term body for the activities, where process costing report hourly, daily, weekly. fiscal reporting system describe annually and quartelly and product cost information requires a longer magazine horizon. They in any case differ in terms of traceability and allocation, behaviour, set of relevant costs and audiences.In the last chapter, authors argued that existing sytems be not posible to measure the performance of the firms. The short-term fiscal performance measurement has been undermined by changes in technology and establishment in the firms production operations. The measurement should be reflects the greater complexity of product and process in the firm and consisten with the firms goal and objectives. Firm should likewise strike to determined the inadequacy of any single financial measure in order to summarie the economic performance of the firm during short periods.Research paper of Evolution of Management Accounting (IFAC, 1998) were discussed the evolution of management accounting by Financial and Management Accounting Committee (FMAC) of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). They claimed that management accounting has developed through four evolutionary symbolises under Western approach. archetypal period, prior to 1950 focus was on cost determination and financial control and the main source of data was from financial statement. On that time, ratio and financial statement psychoanalysis were very(prenominal) familiar.The second stage, years of 1965, focus changed to the supplying of information for management decision-making, provision and control such as decision analysis and responsibility accounting. The techniques that support the decision analysis were Cost-volume profit, and marginal costing. By the year 1985 in the stage three, attention was foc utilize on the drop-off or managed the waste in tune resources, through the elimination of non- repute added activities, use of mathematical expression such as Economic Order measure (EOQ), inventory evaluation such as FIFO, LIFO and multiple regressions.The one-quarter stage by 1995, center had shifted to the generation or creation of observe through the effective use of resources, through the use of technologies which examine the drivers of customer value, sh beholder value and organizational innovation. The ripe management accounting methods that were popular such as Just-in-Time (JIT), Balanced Score Card, and Strategic management. IFAC (1998) had identified well-nigh of the developed countries had shifted to this stage betwixt the years of 1985 to 1995.Japanese or Eastern locating on the evolution of management accounting also consists of four stages, that is to say Drifting, Traditional, Quantitative and Integrative Management Accounting. The drifting management accounting such as ratio analysis, traditional such as budgetary control and standard costing, while quantitative such as mathematical formula and equation and integrative such as JIT, Target Costing and Kaizen. belles-lettres review Based on the review of the prior count, in that location be some purposes to be review. First, the problems with modern US cost accounting and management control system and challenges and recommendation to overcome it.Second, changes in management accounting practices in Malaysia. Third, the rise and fall of activity based costing. Forth, the management accounting practice in selected Asian country. Fifth, the genuine state of mangement accounting practice in selected Malaysian companies. Problems, challenges and recommen dation of modern US cost accounting and management control system The problems arose in the cost accounting and management accounting were, the byplay ran by the manager based on the financial performance or in numbers.Johnson and Kaplan addressed that the process of cost and management accouting have developed to the stage where senior executives believe they can venting their firms by the numbers (p 15). They were recommended that the firm should relates the human performance in organization both internally through management accounting and externally through financial accounting. They also suggested that Western approach to managing by the numbers, based in financial measure of control were became powerful of control in US and increasingly in UK line of business line organization and remain acceptable in Japanese industry.Based on the prior research Mahmoud Ezzamel (1990), he and collegues criticts on the intimation by Johnson and Kaplan and gave alternative ways of acountin g for the problem with cost accounting. They do not agree with the precise tarradiddle that Johnson and Kaplan told, with the understanding of accounting and its power to which their history leads them. They told a history that basically good but went increasingly wrong. Mahmoud Ezzamel also argued that cost management based upon accounting has problem and bound to be problematic and that this is what the history of 19th century accounting such as how to find true cost shows.From the historical development of cost management and cost accounting, Johnson and Kaplan derive a diagnosis of the causes of a modern affection. Changes in management accounting practices in Malaysia Malaysia has moved towards global competitivenesss, this changes makes manufacturing companies in Malaysia need to ensure their business operation and management cope with the current changes. ( Tuan Zainun, 2011). This prior mull over carried out to investigate how changes in Management accounting practice too k place in Malaysia companies.Following Johnson and Kaplan (1987), MAP have been further developed for better decision making and management control. Globalization has brought the new and supercharged technology and made a developing country open to greater competition (Kassim et al, 2003). This condition were affect the MAP in a business organization in order to fit the changes in the business operation. This study can be an march that the management accounting information change due to certain reason and made it relevance to be utilise by the companies. The rise and fall of activity based costing.Activity based costing tool can help the firm to determine the cost effectively based on the cost pool and cost driver. alphabet is cool off the virtually appropriate cost system in management accounting. many advantages of using ABC system in the firm such as ABC data is more accurate and reliable than traditional costing. It also can be apply for decision making and performance e valuation. Furthermore, Kaplan, Weiss and Desheh (1997) reported the successful go foration of ABC transfer determines at Pharmaceutical Industries, which squandered the endless disputes among the marketing and production departments.ABC also handles overhead costs and leads to a better understanding of the cost drivers that generate these cost. Besides that, ABC also suitable to implemented by the service organization sucha s government organization, insurance firms and banks. But, ABC also have the weaknesses such as ABC is based on subective arbitary cost allocations where ABC costing system more complicated and cannot predict profits and not adequate for decision making. ABC also ignores constraints and not take an account a bottleneck. The cost of the various products be irrelevant for product mix decision.ABC regards the relation between activities and resource consumption as linear, absolute and certain, where in reality the cost is discontinue. Even though most of firms try ABC ultimately fixed to abandon it, they did seem to regard it favorably, based on many case studies and articles (R. Cooper and R. S. Kaplan, 1991). ABC should emphasize the need to focus and cut down the cost of operational complexity. Management accounting practice in selected Asian country anterior study by Maliah Sulaiman observed the management accounting practices in Asian countries, Singapore, India, Malaysia and China.Authors claimed to be excellent in running the business and to be competitive in the global economic, firm should use the advance management techniques such as Just in Time, ABC, TQM and process re-engineering. mixed authors have argued that traditional budgeting and cost volume profit analysis are no longer adequate to be used as planning andd control tools in the present manufacturing environment (Brownwich and Bhimani,1994). Many have predicted that traditional tools cannot cope with the changes of the shorter product life cycles, go manufacturing technologies and global competition.Its very weighty to determine the practices of management accounting in the real world because it can help the faculty memberian to have an accurate pictures for their teaching, if not, the accounting curriculum should be change to better reflect the needs of industry. Willett et al (1997) concern that studies on the management accounting practices in this region lag behind studies in financial accounting. Choi and Mueller, 1992 cited that accounting is a product of it environment, means accounting is determine by the environment, so different countries have different practice on mangement accounting.The current state of mangement accounting practice in selected Malaysian companies Prior study, Ghosh and Chan (1997) indicated that management accounting practice in Singapore, many of the firms already used various of management accounting techniques but not more used new technique such as the ABC and TQM system. Most of the local anaesthetic co mpany were not competitive and lag behind the multinational companies. The study also indicated that Singapore companies not improve their management tools since 1997. they also avoided of used the advanced toos because they claimed that the implementation of the dvanced tools required complex process and additional resources needed. Then, Adelegan (2001) were canvass on companies in Nigeria, where most of the companies only focused on process of cost determination and financial control uing budgets and cost accounting technologies. They has to the full in the second stage and on the move to the third stage of evolution. Nishimura (2002) that conducted research on the Japanese affiliates in three Asian countries of Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand claimed that most of the companies in that countries had shifted from the traditional management accounting practices to the next stage of evolution.It was also found that some of the companies were move towards by using the advanced man agement accounting technique. There also research conducted in Malaysia that studied on the small and medium industry by Omar, Abdul Rahman and Zainal Abidin in year 2002. The research found that SMIs in the Klang Valley were still relying on the simple and not complicated management accounting practices such as budget and standard costing but they seemed to have acceptance of the advanced management accounting techniques and there was a positive trend towards the implementation of these new techniques in the future.Findings The result from the review of the articles, found that, Johnson and Kaplan rediscovery the management accounting system in the nineteenth century history is more about the practical business management not only the historical question. These major achievements were important to the planetary management accounting and culture. But, in the 1980s, the management accounting has been developed. Then due to modern process of production technologies and global competi tion, the information was become irrelevant.They claimed that the cost accounting is by-product of the financial accounting, so firms decided not to bear on Management accounting system separated from financial accounting system because of too expensive for them. Besides that, the irrelevance became worsen due to short-termism where the financial accounting only focuses on the short-term results, the control function, timing world too aggregated and unhelpful to organization. Then the academic accounting also failed to focus on the routine financial accounting consistently and the academic writing has lost touch with real world concerns.Furthermore, the major innovations in US firms lead to the failure of the MAS to provide managers with the information they need. The recommendations There are third recommendations by Johnson and Kaplan, first MAS should render more relevant time frames for the activities undertaken by the firm, where should have reporting cycle specific with the process control such as daily, weekly or hourly. In product costing, MAS should change the short term decisions in management accounting texts into longer time horizon to have better strategic decisions.Second, the allocation of the cost between product and process control should be different to be focused on flexible budgets. Then the cost allocation for the product should be trace in order for the firms to develop strategic decisions on the product development and discontinuance. Third, the future performance measurement should be based on long term measures, not forgotten the non-financial indicators to highlight the firms performance in many areas such as marketing and manufacturing.The changes of Management accounting practices in Asian country Furthermore, from the reviewed of the articles and journals, found that the Management Accounting practices have a significant change in traditional and advanced MAP in Malaysia manufacturing companies from 2003 to 2007. The changes migh t be because of changes in the business environment and the competition and advanced technology used by the firms.This factor encourages the emergence of MAP in order to serves the organization with the accurate and reliable information to make a better decision in achieving the objectives of the organization. It also found that the manufacturing companies in Malaysia relied on the foreign multinational companies for export. This condition leads to sharing or transferring the advanced MAS to be adopted by Malaysian manufacturing companies. Besides that, the result showed that the increased in the use of MAP in manufacturing companies in parallel with the advanced technology used in the manufacturing.The changes also shows that the management accounting in Malaysia tardily have through the process of evolution and keep changes to cope with the business environment challenges. In the other hand, management accounting practices in Asians countries such as Singapore, India, Malaysia, a nd China the evidence reviewed suggest that there were not used the contemporary management accounting tools as a whole. For example evidence in India, most of the company still uses traditional management accounting techniques (Joshi, 2001).They resistance to change to the new tools were because of the manager perception and culture that endangerment averse or not a risk taker. They also claimed that a lot of cost lead incur in implementing the new tools in their organization. Same goes in Singapore where most of the companies used the traditional tools because they claimed that no reasons for them to change to the new tools. It also due to lack of expertise, knowledge and top management support to implement the new tools of management accounting.In Malaysia and China, most of the company there also still uses the traditional method and they claimed maybe they result change to new tools such as Balance score billhook and ABC in the next five years. Based on other articles, the current state of management accounting practice in Malaysia, there have seven techniques of management accounting that popular such as, budgets, income statement analysis, cash flow analysis, balance sheet and financial ratio analysis, cost and benefit analysis and finally the product costing.This is indicated that the stage one and stage two of management accounting still be practice by selected Malaysian companies. For the use of stage three and stage four among them are extremely low. But most of the selected companies in Malaysia have evolved into the third and quartern stage of management accounting evolution. (Rosmawati, 2004) In order to enhancing the management accounting practice in Malaysia, the professional body should have unit to implement and promotes the use of advance management accounting practices.Furthermore, academician and also practitioner, or business organization should work together and discuss further about the needs and roles of management accountant in or der to develop new definition of the management accounting in the country. Its important to pass on a communication between the academician and practitioner because practitioner should inform the changes of the practices uses in organization to academician, so it will help in constructing the better curriculum for students that can reflects the real world practices.Other than that, proper planning should be constructing to educate the practitioner and also public by conducting the seminar in management accounting, so they will alert and realize with the evolution and new techniques in management accounting. Next, academician especially should be encouraged to write the articles, journal and research that reflects the evolution of the current management accounting practices. Then, it should be air in the magazines in order to spread the new information regarding the new management accounting practices to the business organization or public. The rise and fall of Activity based cost ingActivity based costing now still existence used in most of the companies in the world, even though the system have problem because many organizations regard their cost systems for financial reporting, decision-making decentralization, price justification, control and performance measurement. But, ABC requires more efforts and skills without better results, so, the alternative are to hold to the traditional cost system. Prior case study, Y. Eden (2002) say it was disappointment with traditional cost accounting and lack of appropriate alternatives that prompted the initial enthusiasm for ABC.Managers also felt that the traditional cost accounting is not relevance, so they should do something to overcome it. Even though most firms that tried ABC decided to neglect it, they did seem to regard it favorably. However, the benefits to the firms not from the cost allocation data but from the ABC pilots involved thorough analysis of processes and costs and drew attention to neglected asp ects of organizational activities. ABC systems just need to focus and to cut down the cost of operational complexity.But when manager realized these lessons, the complex data not make the improvements, so they used non-financial measurements. Conclusion From the reviewed, the management accounting practices and information in Malaysia will lost it relevancy if process of evolution did not take into action. Due to quick changing in the global business environment, management accounting information should not lag behind it in order to stand in line with the advanced technology changes. With that, Malaysia should start to implement the advanced management accounting techniques in managing and control the business activities.Its important to help them use the resources effectively and to measure the performance efficiently. New advanced management accounting practice implementation will contribute significantly for creating the value and also to maintain the sustainability of the organ ization in the future. Management accountant also should play role and becoming a part of management group in the organization. This is to make sure that the management accounting information will remain relevant in the new challenging business environment.Nishimura (2003), management accountant should work together with other practitioner such as engineer, marketing directors, designer and product directors so management accountant will understand more their work field and they will share sound judgment and recommendation with fulfill the various needs and goal from different departments and thence come out will ultimate goal and objectives that can help the organization to achieve it successfully. Moreover, the suitable changes in their MAP especially in manufacturing companies should maintain effectiveness of the business activities.The advanced and traditional system should be used both to compliment and substitute for each other. When the traditional system can be efficaciou s and able to provide some information, the organization should adopt new advanced system to assist the more useful information to make decision. But when the traditional system fail to provide useful information, then it should be replaced with a more advanced system. This is very crucial to the management accounting and should be careful when making decision on what MAP that suitable for the condition of the business. If not it might be jeopardize the firms performance. References H.Thomas Johnson, Robert S. Kaplan. (1987), Relevance Lost The Rise and Fall of Management Accounting, Harvard job School Press, Boston, Massachusetts. Rosmawati Mahfar, Normah Omar. (2004), The current state of Management Accounting practice in selected Malaysian Companies An empirical evidence, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, International Business Management company 2004. Mahmoud Ezzamel, Keith Hoskin and Richard Macve. (1990), Managing It All By numbers A review of Johnson & Kaplans Relevance Lost, Accounting and Business Research, Vol. 20, No. 78, pp. 153-166, 1990. Maliah Sulaiman, Nik Nazli Nik Ahmad and Norhayati Alwi. 2004), Management Accounting Practices in selected Asian countries A review of the literature, International Muslim University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Tuan Zainun Tuanmat, Malom Smith. (2011), Changes in management accounting practices in Malaysia, Asian Review of Accounting, Vol. 19 Iss 3 ppp. 221 242. Nitza Geri, Boaz Ronen. (2005), Relevance lost the rise and fall of activity- based costing, Human System Management 24 (2005) 133-144 IOS Press. Martijin van der Steen. (2011), The emergence and change of management accounting routines, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal Vol. 24 No. 4, 2011 pp. 502-547.