Preparation of a Halogenoalkane Essay

thence pure product net be obtained when we distillate the mixture at a temperature of 45oC-55oC. Discussion The reaction between HCl and the 2-methylpropan-2-ol ordain build up pressure in the conical flask. It is because the reaction is exothermic, it causes serious evaporation, giving knocked out(p) a large amount of irrigate vapour. And the sudden build up of pressure may break the funnel hence HCl is added in 10 portions but not all together. The separating funnel is used to separate 2 immiscible layer of liquid. When the mixture is stable, the denser liquid will be at place and the other will be on top.When we open the tap, the bottom layer can be obtained, leaving the upper one go forth hand in the funnel. The liquid at the junction of the 2 layer should be removed as that is a mixture of the 2 layer which is impure. Although this can ensure a pure product obtained, but this will repress the yield since about chemical is lost. Anhydrous sodium sulphate is added to profit sure all piss is removed. Because the presence of water may growing the difficulty of distillation. Since high temperature favor the dissolve of product into water. Also if water is presented in the distillation process, water may evaporate and contaminate the distillate. indeed all water must be removed. The reaction of sodium sulphate with water is as follow Na2SO4+10H2O? Na2SO410H2O Filtration can remove insoluble philia from a mixture. With the use of diffuse paper, only liquid passes through, the solid is left as residue. A clean mixture can hence be obtained. Distillation is used to separate a miscible mixture with evident boiling point. One liquid can be distillate when the reply reaches its boiling point. The other liquid will be left behind since the temperature is not high enough to vaporize that liquid.The water in of capacity should be at the lower end to make sure water can stay in the condenser for a longer time. In this synthesis SN1 reaction is favored for several(prenominal) reasons. Firstly, a tertiary alcoholic beverage is presented in the experiment. The alcohol we used have 3 alkyl base, the whit is therefore sterically hindered, this will favor SN1. Cl- is the weak base used in the reaction, this will also favor SN1 reaction. Thirdly the carbocation formed, is stable, since the three attached alkyl groups do positive inductive effect on the carbocation, making it little positive.The stable carbocation will also favor the SN1 reaction. It should be noted that caustic medium is necessary for the reaction. It is because OH- is a poor living group, in familiar situation it may attach back to the carbocation. In an acidic medium, the OH group is protonated first. The breaking of CO bond will give a H2O molecule which is a stable living group and foreclose OH- to interfere the experiment. In the experiment NaHCO3 is used to remove HCl rather than NaOH or other unwavering base. It is because a reaction between HCl and a stro ng base will produce a large amount of heat.The augment in temperature combine with the acidic medium will favor excrement which is unwanted and may affect the yielding of the reaction. There are several errors in the experiment the alcohol used in the reaction is volatile, this will lead to a loss of material during the process. We should perform the experiment accelerated in order to edit the loss and to obtain a large yield of product. When we separate the organic layer and the aqueous layer victimisation the separating funnel, the liquid in the junction of 2 layers is removed. This will drain away some chemical.The loss in the chemical content will reduce the yield. We can improve the situation by removing the organic layer as less as possible. During the transfer of material, some material will be left behind. The loss of material will also reduce the yield. We should expect when we transfer the material, until all material adhere to the surface is transferred. While fi ltrating, some solution is left on the filter paper, which will lead to a loss of chemical. We should wait until no more liquid is drained from the filter paper to make sure all chemical is collected.